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PMTCT of HIV-1 in Burkina Faso: evaluation of residual vertical transmission by PCR, molecular characterization of subtypes and determination of antiretroviral drugs resistance
BMC Infectious Diseases volume 14, Article number: P59 (2014)
Aim
Vertical HIV transmission is a public health problem in Burkina Faso. This study on the prevention of mother to child HIV-1 transmission had the objectives to: i) determine the residual rate of vertical HIV transmission by PCR ii) Detect of HIV antiretroviral drugs resistance among mother-infant pairs and iii) Identify sub-types and Circulating recombinant form (CRF) in Burkina Faso.
Materials and methods
In this study, 3,215 samples of pregnant women were analyzed using rapid tests "Determine HIV1/2". Vertical transmission was estimated by PCR in newborns from those who were HIV positive. HIV-1 Resistance to ARVs, subtypes and CRFs were determined through ViroSeq kit using the ABI PRISM 3130 sequencer.
Results
In this study, 12.26% (394/3215) of the pregnant women were diagnosed HIV-positive, 0.52% (2/388) overall residual rate of transmission was identified with rates of 1.75% (2/114) among mothers under prophylaxis and 0.00% (0/274) for those under HAART. Genetic mutations have also been isolated that induce resistance to ARVs like M184V, Y115F, K103N, Y181C, v179E, G190A, etc. And there were subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRF) of HIV-1 such as: CRF06_CPX (58.8%), CRF02_AG (35.3%) and subtype G (5.9%).
Conclusion
Antiretroviral drugs reduce the residual rate of HIV vertical transmission. However, they cause mutations that induce resistance of HIV to antiretroviral therapy. Resistance to ARV therefore requires a permanent dialogue between clinicians, prescribers, pharmacists, and the creation of a network of monitoring and surveillance of drug resistance in Burkina Faso.
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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Sagna, T., Bisseye, C., Kagone, T. et al. PMTCT of HIV-1 in Burkina Faso: evaluation of residual vertical transmission by PCR, molecular characterization of subtypes and determination of antiretroviral drugs resistance. BMC Infect Dis 14 (Suppl 2), P59 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-S2-P59
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-S2-P59