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Perceived health facility barriers to HIV linkage and retention in western Kenya
BMC Infectious Diseases volume 14, Article number: P30 (2014)
Introduction
HIV linkage and retention rates in sub-Saharan Africa remain low. The objective of this study was to explore perceived health facility barriers to linkage and retention in an HIV care program in western Kenya.
Methods
This qualitative study was conducted between, July 2012-August 2013. A total of 150 participants including; 59 patients (HIV, TB, and hypertension); 16 caregivers; 10 community leaders; and 65 healthcare workers, were purposely sampled from three Academic Model Providing access to Healthcare (AMPATHplus) sites. We conducted 16 In-depth interviews and 16 focus group discussions (FGDs) in either, English, Swahili, Kalenjin, Teso, or Luo. All data were audio recorded, transcribed, translated to English, and a content analysis performed. Demographic data was only available for those who participated in the FGDs.
Results
The mean age of participants in the FGDs was 36 years (SD=9.24). The majority (87%) were married, (62.7%) had a secondary education level and above, and (77.6%) had a source of income. Overall, there were no differences in the perceived barriers across all study participants. Salient barriers reflected on patients’ satisfaction with HIV care. There were similarities in some of the barriers cited for linkage and retention including access to health facilities, stigma associated with health facilities, service efficiency, poor provider-patient interactions, and lack of patient incentives. Barriers unique to linkage were reported as, quality of post-test counseling and poor patient reception at the clinics. Obstacles unique to retention were frequency of clinic appointments, different appointments for mother and child, lack of HIV care for institutionalized populations including students and prisoners, lack of food support, and inconsistent linkage data.
Conclusion
Our findings revealed that there were similarities and differences between perceived barriers to linkage and retention. The cited barriers reflected on the need for a more patient-centered approach to HIV care. We believe that addressing health facility barriers may ultimately be easier than addressing patient related (intrapersonal and interpersonal) barriers.
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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Wachira, J., Naanyu, V., Genberg, B. et al. Perceived health facility barriers to HIV linkage and retention in western Kenya. BMC Infect Dis 14 (Suppl 2), P30 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-S2-P30
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-S2-P30
Keywords
- Health Facility
- Focus Group Discussion
- Clinic Appointment
- Service Efficiency
- Institutionalize Population