Risk factors for the development of severe typhoid fever in Vietnam

BMC Infectious Diseases

Table 2 Outcome in the 581 patients with confirmed typhoid categorised by age group

Covariate	All ages	<5 years	5-15 years	≥16 years	p value¹	p value²
Covariate	n = 581	n = 44	n = 311	n = 226
Severe or fatal disease	90 (15.5)	4 (9.1)	47 (15.1)	39 (17.3)	0.363	0.348
Gastrointestinal bleeding	43 (7.4)	1 (2.3)	22 (7.1)	20 (8.9)	0.334	0.287
Intestinal perforation	6 (1.0)	0 (0)	2 (0.6)	4 (1.8)	1.000	0.214
Encephalopathy	16 (2.8)	1 (2.3)	7 (2.3)	8 (3.5)	1.000	0.437
Myocarditis	12 (2.1)	0 (0)	9 (2.9)	3 (1.3)	0.609	0.384
Haemodynamic shock	5 (0.9)	0 (0)	0 (0)	5 (2.2)	-	0.009
Renal impairment	4 (0.7)	0 (0)	0 (0)	4 (1.8)	-	0.023
Hepatitis	29 (5.0)	1 (2.3)	18 (5.8)	10 (4.4)	0.488	0.617
Cholecystitis	4 (0.7)	0 (0)	3 (1.0)	1 (0.4)	1.000	1.000
Pneumonia	5 (0.9)	1 (2.3)	2 (0.6)	2 (0.9)	0.328	1.000
Pleural effusion	6 (1.0)	1 (2.3)	3 (1.0)	2 (0.9)	0.412	1.000
Severe anaemia	6 (1.0)	0 (0)	5 (1.6)	1 (0.4)	1.000	0.413
Blood transfusion	3 (0.5)	0 (0)	2 (0.6)	1 (0.4)	1.000	1.000
Death	3 (0.5)	0 (0)	0 (0)	3 (1.3)	-	0.058

¹Comparison of children < 5 years with children 5–15 years and ² of children < 16 years with adults ≥ 16 years by chi square, Fisher’s exact or Mann–Whitney U test as appropriate.

ISSN: 1471-2334