The relative influences of product volume, delivery format and alcohol concentration on dry-time and efficacy of alcohol-based hand rubs

Table 1 Products tested in this study

Code	Test product name	Manufacturer	Active ingredient	Density (g/mL)
Foam A	PURELL® Instant Hand Sanitizer Foam	GOJO Industries	62% ethanol (v/v)	0.8940
Foam B	PURELL® Advanced Instant Hand Sanitizer Foam	GOJO Industries	70% ethanol (v/v)	0.8739
Gel C	PURELL® Advanced Instant Hand Sanitizer	GOJO Industries	70% ethanol (v/v)	0.8739
Rinse D	Experimental Prototype	GOJO Industries	70% ethanol (v/v)	0.8739
Rinse E	WHO-recommended hand rub formulation with ethanol	n/a	80% ethanol (v/v)	0.8661
Gel F	Sterillium® Comfort Gel™	Bode Chemie	90% ethanol (v/v)^a	0.8331
Gel F	Sterillium® Comfort Gel™	Bode Chemie	[85% ethanol (w/w)]	0.8331

^aEthanol concentration on product label is reported as weight per weight (w/w); (v/v) concentration was determined analytically in the authors’ laboratory (See Methods).

ISSN: 1471-2334