Table 1 Baseline demographic, parasitological and clinical characteristics of study sample 1 (257 schoolchildren) in Niablé, eastern Côte d’Ivoire in December 2012
Characteristic | Total (n = 257) | Females (n = 134) | Males (n = 123) |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | |||
Mean (range) | 10.6 (5–14) | 10.6 (5–14) | 10.7 (7–14) |
Age group 5–9, no. of children (%) | 65 (25.3) | 37 (27.6) | 28 (22.8) |
Age group 10–14, no. of children (%) | 192 (74.7) | 97 (72.4) | 95 (77.2) |
School grade | |||
4 | 48 (18.7) | 26 (19.4) | 22 (17.9) |
5 | 115 (44.8) | 63 (47.0) | 52 (42.3) |
6 | 94 (36.6) | 45 (33.6) | 49 (39.8) |
Infection with P. falciparum | |||
No. of children infected (%) | 234 (91.1) | 119 (88.8) | 115 (93.5) |
Parasitaemia, mean no. of parasites/μl of blood(log-transformed) | 1,254 (6.2) | 1,085 (6.2) | 1,429 (6.2) |
Infection with P. malariae | |||
No. of children infected (%) | 21 (8.2) | 14 (10.5) | 7 (5.7) |
Parasitaemia, mean no. of parasites/μl (log-transformed) | 1,037 (6.5) | 972 (6.6) | 1,167 (6.3) |
Infection with S. mansoni | |||
No. of children infected (%)** | 91 (35.4) | 25 (18.7) | 66 (53.7) |
Infection intensity, no. of children infected (%) | |||
Light (1–99 EPG) | 49 (53.9) | 15 (60.0) | 34 (51.5) |
Moderate (100–399 EPG) | 33 (36.3) | 9 (36.0) | 24 (36.4) |
Heavy (≥ 400 EPG) | 9 (9.9) | 1 (4.0) | 8 (12.1) |
Infection with soil-transmitted helminths# | |||
Hookworm, no. of children infected (%)** | 25 (9.7) | 2 (1.5) | 23 (18.7) |
T. trichiura, no. of children infected (%) | 2 (0.8) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.8) |
A. lumbricoides, no. of children infected (%) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) |
Infection with pathogenic intestinal protozoa | |||
G. intestinalis, no. of children infected (%) | 38 (14.8) | 16 (11.9) | 22 (17.9) |
E. histolytica/E. dispar, no. of children infected (%) | 11 (4.3) | 5 (3.7) | 6 (4.9) |
Major co-infections | |||
Plasmodium spp. + helminth, no. of children co-infected (%)** | 97 (37.7) | 27 (20.2) | 70 (56.9) |
Plasmodium spp. + pathogenic intestinal protozoa, no. of children co-infected (%) | 44 (17.1) | 19 (14.2) | 25 (20.3) |
P. falciparum + S. mansoni, no. of children co-infected (%)** | 86 (33.5) | 23 (17.2) | 63 (51.2) |
Haemoglobin levels and anaemia | |||
Hb, mean (SD), g/l* | 120.2 (13.6) | 122.3 (13.0) | 118.0 (13.9) |
Anaemia, no. of children (%) | 89 (34.6) | 40 (29.9) | 49 (39.8) |
Malnutrition | |||
Any form of malnutrition (Z ≤ −2), no. of children (%) | 84 (32.7) | 45 (33.6) | 39 (31.7) |
Stunting H/A, no. of children (%) | |||
Moderate to severe (Z-score ≤ −2) | 35 (13.6) | 20 (14.9) | 15 (12.2) |
Wasting BMI/A, no. of children (%) | |||
Moderate to severe (Z-score ≤ −2) | 59 (23.0) | 30 (22.4) | 29 (23.6) |
Underweight W/A§, no. of children (%) | |||
Moderate to severe (Z-score ≤ −2)* | 9 (13.9) | 8 (21.6) | 1 (3.6) |