Figure 5

Dynamics of cognition test scores from the forward digit span test (A) and the code transmission test (B). A: Proportions of digit span test scores expressed as longest span forward (LSF) at baseline and end-of-study survey from 219 participants with complete data for both assessments. The arrows depict the directions of change in performance over time, whereas the width of the arrow indicates the number of children in each category of change. The cut-off to define low performance was set at LSF ≤ 4 (LSF cut-off). B: Relative frequency (density) of code transmission test scores (number of correctly solved subtests out of 20 subtests) at baseline and follow-up from 146 participants, stratified by sex. Girls showed a significantly higher improvement in test performance at follow-up than boys (mean difference in change between the sexes assessed by t-test: 1.31, p-value < 0.05).