NRTIaresistance OR (95% CI) | NNRTIbresistance OR (95% CI) | PIcresistance OR (95% CI) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate | Multivariate | Univariate | Multivariate | Univariate | Multivariate | |
Gender, Female vs. Male | 0.74 (0.66-0.82) | 0.67 (0.58-0.77) | 0.93 (0.77-1.11) | 0.82 (0.68-0.98) | 0.62 (0.55-0.70) | 0.59 (0.50-0.69) |
Risk factor | ||||||
Intravenous drug use | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Men having sex with men | 1.17 (0.99-1.38) | 1.26 (1.05-1.51) | 0.63 (0.49-0.81) | 0.84 (0.70-1.03) | 1.47 (1.22-1.76) | 1.45 (1.18-1.79) |
Heterosexual sex | 1.01 (0.89-1.14) | 1.58 (1.36-1.84) | 0.78 (0.63-0.97) | 0.94 (0.72-1.27) | 1.01 (0.88-1.17) | 1.61 (1.36-1.91) |
Other d | 0.87 (0.75-1.01) | 1.68 (1.40-2.01) | 0.61 (0.47-0.79) | 0.89 (0.64-1.23) | 0.89 (0.75-1.06) | 1.53 (1.26-1.87) |
Age, per 10 years older | 1.17 (1.10-1.25) | 1.09 (1.01-1.17) | 0.93 (0.84-1.03) | 0.96 (0.85-1.09) | 1.17 (1.09-1.25) | 1.05 (0.97-1.14) |
HIV-1 Subtype, Non-B vs. B | 0.48 (0.40-0.56) | 0.79 (0.65-0.97) | 0.58 (0.44-0.77) | 0.80 (0.56-1.15) | 0.48 (0.38-.59) | 0.83 (0.64-1.06) |
Viral load | ||||||
> 5 Log copies/ml | - | - | - | - | - | - |
4 - 5 Log copies/ml | 2.36 (2.04-2.73) | 2.16 (1.83-2.55) | 2.01 (1.56-2.58) | 1.71 (1.23-2.35) | 1.83 (1.54-2.17) | 1.68 (1.38-2.04) |
< 4 Log copies/ml | 2.92 (2.54-3.36) | 3.06 (2.59-3.61) | 3.22 (2.51-4.13) | 2.61 (1.89-3.60) | 1.60 (1.36-1.89) | 1.70 (1.40-2.07) |
CD4 cell count | ||||||
>350 cells/mmc | - | - | - | - | - | - |
200 – 350 cells/mmc | 0.65 (0.58-0.74) | 0.90 (0.78-1.03) | 1.04 (0.85-1.27) | 1.07 (0.84-1.36) | 0.90 (0.78-1.04) | 0.86 (0.73-1.01) |
< 200 cells/mmc | 0.82 (0.72-0.93) | 0.87 (0.75-1.01) | 1.01 (0.81-1.25) | 1.36 (1.02-1.80) | 0.83 (0.72-0.96) | 0.88 (0.66-1.12) |
Previous virological failure(s) | 4.41 (3.84-5.07) | 2.07 (1.74-2.47) | 4.52 (3.63-5.63) | 2.95 (2.17-3.99) | 3.88 (3.17-4.75) | 1.40 (1.10-1.78) |
Prior ARV regimens, per 1 higher | 1.16 (1.15-1.18) | 1.11 (1.09-1.13) | 1.14 (1.11-1.17) | 1.03 (0.99-1.07) | 1.21 (1.18-1.24) | 1.13 (1.11-1.15) |
Prior suboptimal NRTI therapy | 3.45 (2.85-4.17) | 1.50 (1.29-1.74) | 2.52 (2.11-3.00) | 1.04 (0.80-1.35) | 3.16 (2.80-3.57) | 1.27 (1.07-1.50) |
Antiretrovira regimen in use | - | - | - | - | ||
NNRTI + NRTIs | - | - | ||||
Boosted PI + NRTIs | 0.95 (0.85-1.06) | 0.65 (0.56-0.74) | ||||
Unboosted PI + NRTIs | 0.84 (0.73-0.98) | 0.75 (0.63-0.90) | ||||
PI + NNRTI + NRTI | 3.51 (2.66-4.65) | 1.87 (1.25-2.78) | ||||
Boosted vs unboosted PI | - | - | - | - | 1.00 (0.88-1.15) | 1.06 (0.90-1.23) |
Study period, per 1 period higher | 0.56 (0.53-0.59) | 0.58 (0.54-0.61) | 0.65 (0.59-0.71) | 0.74 (0.66-0.82) | 0.58 (0.55-0.62) | 0.58 (0.54-0.62) |