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Table 1 Frequencies of major non nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and protease inhibitor (PI)

From: Trends and correlates of HIV-1 resistance among subjects failing an antiretroviral treatment over the 2003–2012 decade in Italy

NNRTIa-mutations

Mutations

2003-2004 (n = 1,143) % (n)

2005-2006 (n = 799) % (n)

2007-2009 (n = 439) % (n)

2010-2012 (n = 158) % (n)

P c

L100I

6.65 (76)

8.01 (64)

5.92 (26)

8.86 (14)

ns

K103N/S

45.83 (525)

43.30 (346)

31.66 (139)

32.28 (51)

<.0001

V106A/M

6.47 (74)

4.51 (36)

3.64 (16)

3.80 (6)

.0122

V108I

11.64 (133)

10.64 (85)

10.25 (45)

5.70 (9)

.0476

Y181C/I

22.83 (261)

21.78 (174)

15.26 (67)

15.19 (24)

.0005

Y188C/H/L

5.34 (61)

6.01 (48)

5.24 (23)

6.96 (11)

ns

G190A/S

22.66 (259)

20.78 (166)

13.44 (59)

12.03 (19)

<.0001

P225H

5.07 (58)

5.26 (42)

4.10 (18)

4.43 (7)

ns

M230L

1.57 (18)

1.38 (11)

1.82 (8)

0.63 (1)

ns

PI b -mutations,% (n)

Mutations

2003-2004 (n = 1,461) % (n)

2005-2006 (n = 1,331) % (n)

2007-2009 (n = 1,262) % (n)

2010-2012 (n = 535) % (n)

P c

D30N

9.5 (139)

5.9 (79)

2.0 (25)

0.9 (5)

<0.0001

V32I

4.8 (70)

5.0 (66)

6.9 (86)

4.1 (22)

ns

L33F

13.1 (191)

16.1 (214)

15.5 (196)

6.0 (32)

<0.0001

M46I/L

32.6 (477)

32.0 (426)

25.6 (323)

12.1 (65)

<0.0001

I47A/V

5.5 (81)

5.1 (68)

5.6 (71)

2.4 (13)

ns

G48V

5.3 (77)

4.1 (54)

1.4 (18)

0.4 (2)

<0.0001

I50L

0.5 (7)

1.8 (24)

1.9 (24)

1.7 (9)

0.004

I50V

2.0 (29)

2.0 (26)

1.9 (24)

0.9 (5)

ns

I54L/M

4.5 (66)

5.9 (78)

9.2 (116)

5.2 (28)

0.010

Q58E

5.9 (87)

9.0 (120)

8.1 (102)

4.9 (26)

ns

L76V

3.7 (54)

3.5 (47)

3.2 (40)

1.3 (7)

0.020

V82A/F/T/S

26.9 (393)

27.1 (361)

17.7 (224)

6.4 (34)

<0.0001

I84V

13.5 (198)

14.9 (198)

16.0 (202)

5.4 (29)

0.015

N88D/S

8.1 (119)

6.8 (90)

3.4 (43)

2,2 (12)

<0.0001

L90M

31.5 (461)

29.8 (397)

20.8 (262)

9.5 (51)

<0.0001

  1. NNRTI and PI resistance mutations were evaluated among subjects failing a NNRTI- or a PI-containing regimen, respectively.
  2. aNon nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor.
  3. bProtease inhibitor.
  4. cCochrane-Armitage test for trends.
  5. ns: not significant.