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Table 5 Mean values of A/H1N1/California/7/2009-specific Abs and IFN-γ production in study participants with or without pdmH1N1 vaccination who reported symptoms of ILI during the 2009–2010 flu season

From: Difference in immune response in vaccinated and unvaccinated Swedish individuals after the 2009 influenza pandemic

 

Not vaccinated

Vaccinated

Difference

 

A

C

C-A

A

C

C-A

C-A V-N1

P-value

 

SRH (mm 2 ), geometric mean

  

A/H1N1/California

15.3

19.5

4.2

18.8

28.0

9.2

5.0

0.1

 

IFN-γ (pg/mL)

  

A/H1N1/Brisbane

169

166

−2

113

296

183

185

<0.001

A/H1N1/Solomon

130

180

50

80

262

182

132

<0.01

A/H3N2/Uruguay

197

250

53

177

336

159

106

0.01

A/H3N2/Wisconsin

217

248

32

185

343

157

125

0.02

A/H5N1/Vietnam

330

374

44

310

403

93

49

0.3

B/Florida

254

276

22

177

263

85

63

0.4

B/Malaysia

173

203

30

108

208

101

71

0.08

M1

43

34

−10

31

62

31

41

0.09

M2

18

18

0

18

18

0

0

0.3

CFP-10

18

20

2

22

19

−3

−5

0.7

PHA

505

557

53

498

536

39

−14

0.9

Mean IFN-γ diff.

168

200

33

146

230

84

51

 

N

49

49

 

47

47

   
  1. The Wilcoxon-Mann–Whitney rank-sum test was used to calculate the p-values (comparison of C-A between vaccinated and unvaccinated). 1V-N is vaccinated minus unvaccinated. Listed are Ab responses (top panel, directed against A/H1N1 California, mean and confidence interval) and IFN-γ responses directed against a broad panel of flu targets (designated the flu A or flu B strains), and against matrix proteins M1 and M2. CFP10 served as control. PHA was the positive control stimulus. P values below 0.05 are indicated in bold.