From: A systematic review of the epidemiology of hepatitis E virus in Africa
Country | % sero-positivity | Case demographics | No. of cases | Year of sampling | Diagnostic methods | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chad | 48.8 | Acute or fulminant hepatitis patients, 4–64 yrs old | 41 | 1993 | IgM | [36] |
 | 20.0a | Sporadic cases | 17 | 1994 | RT-PCRb | [27] |
Djibouti | 58.5 | Acute hepatitis patients, 21 · 8 yrs old (2–65) | 65 | 1992-3 | IgM | [41] |
Egypt | 21.7 | Acute hepatitis patients, 26 · 6 yrs old (18–60) | 143 | 1993-4 | IgM | [71] |
 | 24.2 | Jaundiced patients, 1–73 yrs old | 202 | 1993 | IgM | [46] |
 | 22.2 | Jaundiced children, 5 yrs old (1–11) | 261 | 1990 | IgM | [70] |
 | 20.2 | Acute viral hepatitis patients, 8 yrs old | 287 | 2006-8 | IgM | [62] |
 | 17.9 | Acute hepatitis patients, 15.7 (± 14.9) yrs old | 235 | 2007-8 | IgM or > =3-fold rise in IgG | [69] |
 | 17.2 | Children with elevated level (two-fold or more) of AST and ALT | 64 | 2006d | IgM | [47] |
 | 15.7 | Acute hepatitis patients, 15.9 yrs old (1–65) | 235 | 2007-8 | IgM | [63] |
 | 15.1 | Children with acute jaundice, 6 · 4 yrs old (1–13) | 73 | 1987-8 | IgM | [45] |
 | 12.5 | Patients with acute hepatitis, 20 · 2 yrs old (4–65) | 200 | 2001-2 | IgM | [64] |
 | 6.0 | Children with minor hepatic ailments, 6 mo -10 yrs | 100 | 2004-5 | IgM | [65] |
 | 5 · 0 | Patients with acute on chronic liver failure, 46.4 yrs old | 100 | 2009-10 | IgM | [66] |
 | 2.1 | Acute viral hepatitis patients, 25 yrs old (2–77) | 47 | 2002-5 | IgM | [67] |
 | 2.0 | Hepatitis patients, 5.4 yrs old (1.5-15) | 50 | 2007 | RT-PCR | [48] |
Ethiopia | 45.6 | Acute viral hepatitis patients with NANB | 79 | 1988-91 | FABAd | [43] |
 | 31.8 | Non-pregnant women with acute viral hepatitis, 30 yrs old | 22 | 1988-91 | FABA | [6] |
 | 67 · 9 | Pregnant women with acute viral hepatitis, 26 yrs old | 28 | 1988-91 | FABA | [6] |
Mayotte | 100.0 | Patients with acute jaundice, 46Â yrs old | 1 | 2009 | IgM | [82] |
Nigeria | 70.0 | Male patients with acute hepatitis, 25–33 yrs old | 10 | 1997-8 | RT-PCR | [89] |
Senegal | 20.0 | Patients with jaundice | 30 | 1992c | IgM | [93] |
 | 10.2 | Patients with viral hepatitis | 49 | 1993c | IgM | [92] |
Somalia | 61.1 | Native Somalis and displaced Ethiopian patients with acute hepatitis, 7–90 yrs old | 36 | 1992-3 | IgM | [96] |
Sudan | 5.4 | Patients with fulminant hepatic failure, 38 yrs old (19–75) | 37 | 2003-4 | IgM | [103] |
 | 59.0 | Children with acute clinical jaundice, ≤14 yrs old | 39 | 1987-8 | IgM | [118] |