Table 1 Sample characteristics and univariate analysis
|  | MRSA No (n = 988) | Yes (n = 18) | p-value | ESBL-E No (n = 880) | Yes (n = 124) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics: | ||||||
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Male | 643 (98.2%) | 12 (1.8%) | NS | 571 (87.2%) | 84 (12.8%) | NS |
 Female | 345 (98.3%) | 6 (1.7%) |  | 309 (88.5%) | 40 (11.5%) |  |
Ethnicity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Chinese | 639 (97.6%) | 16 (2.4%) | NS | 571 (87.2%) | 84 (12.8%) | NS |
 Malay | 166 (99.4%) | 1 (0.6%) |  | 149 (89.2%) | 18 (10.8%) |  |
 Indian | 133 (99.2%) | 1 (0.8%) |  | 115 (86.5%) | 18 (13.5%) |  |
 Others | 50 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |  | 45 (91.8%) | 4 (8.2%) |  |
Residence in Nursing Home | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 966 (98.2%) | 18 (1.8%) | NS | 860 (87.6%) | 122 (12.4%) | NS |
 Yes | 22 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |  | 20 (90.9%) | 2 (9.1%) |  |
Comorbid conditions: | ||||||
Diabetes Mellitus | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 782 (98.7%) | 10 (1.3%) | 0.035 | 697 (88.2%) | 93 (11.8%) | NS |
 Yes | 206 (96.3%) | 8 (3.7%) |  | 183 (85.5%) | 31 (11.5%) |  |
ESRF | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 977 (98.2%) | 18 (1.8%) | NS | 869 (87.5%) | 124 (12.5%) | NS |
 Yes | 11 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |  | 11 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |  |
Liver Cirrhosis | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 977 (98.2%) | 18 (1.8%) | NS | 869 (87.5%) | 124 (12.5%) | NS |
 Yes | 11 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |  | 11 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |  |
Cancer | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 962 (98.2%) | 18 (1.8%) | NS | 854 (87.3%) | 124 (12.7%) | NS |
 Yes | 26 (100.0%) | 0 (100.0%) |  | 26 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |  |
HIV | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 985 (98.2%) | 18 (1.8%) | NS | 878 (87.7%) | 123 (12.3%) | NS |
 Yes | 3 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |  | 2 (66.7%) | 1 (33.3%) |  |
Corticosteroids | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 944 (98.2%) | 17 (1.8%) | NS | 845 (88.1%) | 114 (11.9%) | NS |
 Yes | 43 (97.7%) | 1 (2.3%) |  | 34 (77.3%) | 10 (22.7%) |  |
Healthcare risk factors: | ||||||
Hospitalization | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Within 3 month | 155 (93.4%) | 11 (6.6%) | <0.001 | 131 (78.9%) | 35 (21.1%) | <0.001 |
 Within 12 month | 297 (95.5%) | 14 (4.5%) | <0.001 | 257 (82.6%) | 54 (17.4%) | 0.002 |
Oral antibiotics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Within 1 month | 279 (97.2%) | 8 (2.8%) | NS | 227 (79.1%) | 60 (20.9%) | <0.001 |
 Within 3 month | 343 (97.4%) | 9 (2.6%) | NS | 286 (81.3%) | 66 (18.7%) | <0.001 |
Outpatient hospital visit | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Within 3 month | 402 (96.9%) | 13 (3.1%) | 0.013 | 347 (83.8%) | 67 (16.2%) | 0.002 |
 Within 12 month | 536 (97.3%) | 15 (2.7%) | 0.016 | 470 (85.4%) | 80 (14.6%) | 0.021 |
Primary care visit | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Within 3 month | 657 (97.6%) | 16 (2.4%) | 0.046 | 584 (87.0%) | 87 (13.0%) | NS |
 Within 12 month | 729 (97.9%) | 16 (2.1%) | NS | 652 (87.8%) | 91 (12.2%) | NS |
HCW contact | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 853 (98.3%) | 15 (1.7%) | NS | 759 (87.5%) | 108 (12.5%) | NS |
 Yes | 135 (97.8%) | 3 (2.2%) |  | 121 (88.3%) | 16 (11.7%) |  |