Table 4 Influence of factors on adherence for factors that were analyzed in more than one study
From: Factors influencing adherence in Hepatitis-C infected patients: a systematic review
Factor | Study | Effect on adherence (effect direction or compared categories; effect size; p-value) |
|---|---|---|
Age | Marcellin 2011 [8]* | NR ; NR; > 0.05 |
Sola [24]* | NR; NE; 0.01# | |
Sylvestre [25]*# (years) | < 55 vs. ≥ 55; RR = 2.38; 1.49 to 3.80 | |
Tanioka [26] | NR; NR; 0.59 | |
Wagner [27]*# | NR; NR; 0.59 | |
Alcohol consumption | Marcellin 2011 [8]* ≥20 g/day (baseline and follow-up) | NR; NR; > 0.05 |
Sola [24]* | NR; NR; > 0.05 | |
Depression | Lo Re [4] (bipolar/depression) | Yes vs. no; OR = 1.00; 0.945 |
Martín-Santos 2008 [22] (depression and anxiety)# [Patient Health Questionnaire] | Yes vs. no; MD = -13%; 0.02 | |
Rodis [23] | Positive associated with adherence indicators† | |
Wagner [27]*# | Yes vs. no; OR = 0.48; 0.16 to 1.40 | |
Drug use | Marcellin 2011 [8]* | Yes vs. No; OR = 0.42; 0.23 to 0.77 |
Sola [24]* | NR; NR; > 0.05 | |
Sylvestre [25]*# (regular cocaine/methamphetamin) | Yes vs. no; MD = -1%; > 0.05 | |
Yes vs. no; MD = -20%; 0.10 | ||
Regular vs. none, rarely, intermittent; MD = -48%; 0.03 | ||
Wagner [27]*# | Yes vs. no; OR = 1.42; 0.27 to 7.52 | |
Education | Marcellin 2011 [8]* (not specified) | Low vs. high; OR# = 0.99; 0.80 to 1.23 |
Wagner [27]*# | Any college vs. others; OR = 1.75; 0.60 to 5.11 | |
Employment status | Marcellin 2011* [8] | Unemployed vs. others; OR# = 1.01; 0.75 to 1.37 |
Wagner [27]*# | Yes vs. no; OR = 0.61; 0.20 to 1.81 | |
Ethnic group | Sylvestre [25]*# | NR; NR; 0.2 |
Wagner [27]*# | African American vs. others; OR = 0.50; 0.16 to 1.51 | |
Gender | Giannelli [21] | Male vs. female; OR# = 2.44; 1.41 to 4.22 |
Marcellin 2011* [8] | NR; NR; > 0.05 | |
Sola [24]* | NR; NR; > 0.05 | |
Sylvestre [25]*# | NR; NR; 0.4 | |
Tanioka [26] | Male vs. female; RR = 2.01; 1.07 to 3.79 | |
Wagner [27]*# | Male vs. female; OR = 0.85; 0.08 to 8.74 | |
Genotype | Marcellin 2011* [8] | 3 vs. 1; OR = 1.55; 1.20 to 2.01 |
Sola [24]* | 1 or 4 vs. 2 or 3; OR = 2.6; 1.1 to 6.7 | |
Sylvestre [25]*# | 2 or 3 (24 weeks treatment) vs. 1 (48 weeks treatment); MD = 23%; 0.07 | |
Tanioka [26] | 2 vs. 1; RR = 1.84; 1.10 to 3.09 | |
Wagner [27]*# | 1 or 4 vs. other; OR = 0.81; 0.25 to 2.66 | |
Haemoglobin level | Sola [24]* | >14.9 g/dl vs. < 14.9 g/dl; OR = 3.3; 1.4 to 8.1 |
Tanioka [26] | ≥ 14 vs. < 14; RR = 1.50; 0.85 to 2.64 | |
Hepatitis-C virus RNA | Marcellin 2011* [8] | NR; NR; > 0.05 |
Sola [24]* | NR; NR; > 0.05 | |
Tanioka [26] | < 100 vs. ≥100; RR# = 0.49; 0.18 to 1.34 | |
Wagner [27]*# | <800,000 vs. other; OR = 1.03; 0.35 to 3.01 | |
HIV co-infection | Marcellin 2011* [8] | Yes vs. no; OR = 2.52; 1.36 to 4.67 |
Sola [24]* | NR; NR; > 0.05 | |
Medication dose interferon | Marcellin 201* [8] (Peg-Interferon) | Positive; NE; 0.003# |
Tanioka [26] (million units/kg) | < 0.13 vs. ≥ 0.13; RR = 2.42; 1.52 to 3.85 | |
Medication dose ribavirin | Giannelli [21] | Negative; NR; < 0.05 |
Marcellin 201* [8] | Negative; NE; 0.097# | |
Tanioka [26] (mg/kg) | < 11 vs. ≥11; RR# = 1.12; 0.75 to 1.81 | |
Metavir activity | Marcellin 2011* [8] | NR; NR; > 0.05 |
Sola [24]* (Score) | NR; NR; > 0.05 | |
Psychiatric disorder | Lo Re [4] | Yes vs. no; OR = 0.99; 0.226 |
Marcellin 2011 [8]* (baseline and follow up) | NR; NR; > 0.05 | |
Sylvestre [25]*# | Yes vs. no; MD = to -8%; > 0.05 | |
Wagner [27]*# | Yes vs. no; OR = 0.25; 0.08 to 0.76 | |
Treatment experience | Lo Re [4] (duration) | Decline per 12 weeks; mean = 0.001 |
Marcellin 2011 [8]* (intended duration) | Negative; NE; <0.001# | |
Tanioka [26] | Retreatment vs. naive; RR = 1.86; 1.15 to 3.01 | |
Weight | Marcellin 2011 [8]* | NR; NR; > 0.05 |
Sola [24]* | NR; NR; > 0.05 | |
Tanioka [26] (kg/BMI) | ≥ 60 vs. < 60; RR = 1.09; 0.63 to 1.89 | |
NR; RR# = 1.11; 0.73 to 1.69 |