Table 2 Baseline characteristics, clinical presentation, and outcome of diabetic patients with KPLA according to different HbA _1c levels

Male

12 (63.2)

30 (68.2)

29 (74.4)

0.660

0.999

Age in years

71.3 ± 9.9

68.2 ± 11.4

56.3 ±15.8

<0.001

Underlying diseases

 Malignancy

1 (5.6)

8 (20.0)

2 (5.1)

0.100

0.560

 Alcoholism

1 (5.3)

0 (0)

4 (10.3)

0.081

0.378

 Chronic kidney disease

1 (5.6)

7 (17.5)

1 (2.6)

0.067

0.889

 Liver cirrhosis

0 (0)

2 (4.5)

0 (0)

0.667

0.676

 Congestive heart failure

0 (0)

2 (4.5)

0 (0)

0.667

0.970

 Chronic lung disease

0 (0)

1 (2.3)

0 (0)

1.000

0.979

Newly diagnosed diabetes

4 (21.1)

6 (13.6)

15 (38.5)

0.028

0.146

Origin

 Cryptogenic

15 (78.9)

38 (86.4)

39 (100.0)

0.008

0.008

 Biliary tract origin

1 (5.3)

5 (11.4)

0 (0)

0.068

0.287

Abscess locations

 Right lobe

11 (57.9)

23 (52.3)

21 (53.8)

0.442

0.214

 Left lobe

5 (26.3)

13 (29.5)

6 (15.4)

 Both lobes

3 (15.8)

8 (18.2)

12 (30.8)

Abscess size

 < 5 cm

9 (47.4)

18 (40.9)

18 (46.2)

0.962

0.829

 5 ~ 10 cm

9 (47.4)

21 (47.7)

18 (46.2)

 >; 10 cm

1 (5.3)

5 (11.4)

3 (7.7)

Gas forming

0 (0)

6 (13.6)

6 (15.4)

0.218

0.317

Multiple abscesses

8 (42.1)

12 (27.3)

17 (43.6)

0.256

0.308

Initial laboratory value

 Leukocyte count, × 10³/μL

12.4 ± 3.8

14.4 ± 5.6

12.4 ± 6.2

0.168

0.225

 Platelet, × 10³/μL

195 ± 87

222 ± 102

237 ± 140

0.380

0.734

 C-reactive protein, mg/dL

18.8 ± 9.2

19.3 ± 9.6

20.9 ± 10.1

0.539

0.826

 Glucose, mg/dL

193 ± 76

270 ± 152

371 ± 170

<0.001

<0.001

Treatment

 Antibiotics + drainage

16 (84.2)

37 (84.1)

32 (82.1)

1.000

0.779

 Antibiotics + operation

1 (5.3)

2 (4.5)

1 (2.6)

1.000

0.345

 Antibiotics only

2 (10.5)

6 (13.6)

5 (13.2)

1.000

0.524

Metastatic infections,

0 (0)

3 (6.8)

9 (23.1)

0.021

0.004

Outcome

 Hospitalization days

26.3 ± 15.7

31.9 ± 23.2

24.9 ± 12.5

0.201

0.265

 ICU admission

2 (10.5)

5 (11.4)

7 (17.9)

0.695

0.605

 Mortality

0 (0)

1 (2.3)

2 (5.1)

0.785

0.181