Infection by Brazilian and Dutch swine hepatitis E virus strains induces haematological changes in Macaca fascicularis

Table 2 Summary of biochemical, histopathological, and virological patterns during HEV (genotype 3) infection in cynomolgus monkeys

Inocula	Animal ID	ALT	AST	GGT	Tb	**Liver injury	HEV RNA detection		***anti-HEV				Clinical interpretation****
		(IU/dL) (^#maximum value obtained)				(Score)	(dpi*)		(EIA reactivity)
							(dpi*)		Serum			Saliva
							Serum	Faeces	IgM	IgG	IgA	IgA
Br-swine	X15	73	295	315	0.8	2	---	14 - 21	+	+	+	nt	Subclinical hepatitis E
	Q11	24	31	64	0.7	1	14	7 - 21	+	+	+	-	Subclinical hepatitis E without biochemical disorders
	I3	40	54	224	0.8	2	39 - 53	21 - 53	-	-	-	+	Subclinical hepatitis E
D-swine	01	40	119	237	0.8	1	14	5 - 18	+	+	+	-	Subclinical hepatitis E
	G3	32	42	138	0.8	1	7 - 14	7 - 18	+	+	+	+/-	Subclinical hepatitis E without biochemical disorders
	F3	99	302	238	0.7	1	---	---	+	+	+	+	Biochemical and histological hepatitis E
Br-human	J3	57/46	50	293	0.8	1	---	---	-	+	-	-	Biochemical and histological hepatitis E
Ar-human	R7	21	213	188	0.8	0	---	14 - 27	+	+	+	nt	Subclinical hepatitis E
Control	I2	21	43	92	0.8	0	---	---	-	-	-	nt	Uninfected
Control	Q12	21	116	103	0.7	0	---	---	-	-	-	-	Uninfected

*dpi: days post inoculation.
**Liver sections were prepared from large liver samples collected during necropsy; liver injury score (adapted from [29]): 0 – without inflammation, 1 – 1 to 2 lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrates/10 liver lobules, 2–3 to 5 inflammatory infiltrates/10 lobules, 3–6 to 10 inflammatory infiltrates/10 lobules, 4- >10 inflammatory infiltrates/10 lobules (adapted from [29]).
***DiaCheck anti-human HEV antibody assay that was modified with a goat anti-macaque secondary antibody.
^#The maximum value obtained during the entire follow-up period is provided.
****Subclinical hepatitis was considered when the animals presented only laboratorial finds of infection, Biochemical hepatitis was considered using species-specific normal values and pre-inoculation values. Liver enzymes values were elevated at least twice above baseline in the context of an HEV infection. Histological hepatitis was considered when the animals presented lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrates in liver biopsy.
Br: Brazilian, Ar: Argentinian, D: Dutch, EIA: Enzyme immunoassay, nt: not tested, (they did not produced enough saliva).

ISSN: 1471-2334