Table 2 Demographic data and perinatal risk factors for hospital acquired infections in the study population
1stperiod | 2ndperiod | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Infants = 510 | Infants = 505 | ||
Gestational age (weeks) | 32.7 ± 4.2 | 33.0 ± 4.5 | 0.31 |
< 34 (%) | 58.6 | 55.6 | 0.17 |
34 - 36 (%) | 20.0 | 18.0 | |
> 36 (%) | 21.4 | 26.4 | |
Birth weight (grams) | 1934 ± 864 | 2022 ± 942 | 0.12 |
Sex male (%) | 56.1 | 54.9 | 0.69 |
Antenatal steroids (%) | 56.7 | 54.1 | 0.37 |
Clinical chorioamnionitis (%) | 13.1 | 10.1 | 0.13 |
Apgar score ≤ 3 at 1 min (%) | 12.7 | 12.1 | 0.17 |
Inborn (%) | 71.8 | 71.3 | 0.87 |
Caesarean delivery (%) | 62.3 | 54.3 | 0.0089 |
Use of surfactant (at last once) (%) | 55.7 | 43.2 | <0.001 |
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (%) | 79.8 | 78.2 | 0.53 |
BPD @ 28 days (%) | 17.6 | 19.4 | 0.47 |
IVH 3°- 4° (%) | 3.1 | 2.4 | 0.33 |
NEC all stages (%) | 3.3 | 2.8 | 0.60 |
Malformations (%) | 15.9 | 19.2 | 0.16 |
Mean duration of stay in III level NICU (days) | 16.8 ± 21.2 | 15.0 ± 19.6 | 0.08 |
Mean total duration of stay (days) | 47.0 ± 35.3 | 48.4 ± 40.3 | 0.94 |
Death (%) | 5.9 | 5.4 | 0.71 |
IMV (% of infants per day) | 0.23 ± 0.09 | 0.18 ± 0.09 | 0.0001 |
NCPAP (% of infants per day) | 0.49 ± 0.11 | 0.42 ± 0.12 | 0.0001 |
CVL (% of infants per day) | 0.36 ± 0.13 | 0.34 ± 0.11 | 0.15 |
Means number of antibiotics (per infant per day) | 0.48 ± 0.22 | 0.53 ± 0.23 | 0.001 |
Occupancy rate (per day) | 0.87 ± 0.09 | 0.77 ± 0.11 | < 0.0001 |
Nurse to patient ratio (per day) | 1.35 ± 0.19 | 1.53 ± 0.30 | < 0.0001 |