From: Epidemiological and molecular analysis of human norovirus infections in Taiwan during 2011 and 2012
 | AGE patients (n = 155) |  |  |  | Asymptomatic patients (n = 98) |  | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | NV | Negative |  |  |  | NV | Negative |  |
Parameter | (n = 17) | (n = 138) | P a | ORd | 95% CId | (n = 7) | (n = 91) | P b |
Detection rate (%) | 11 | - | Â | Â | Â | 7.1 | - | Â |
Sex (male: female) | 10:7 | 74:64 | Â | Â | Â | 5:2 | 47:44 | Â |
Setting | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Outpatient (38,15) c | 2(11.8) | 36(26.1) | - | - | - | 3(42.8) | 12(13.2) | - |
  Emergency (6,0) c | - | 6(4.3) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
  Inpatient (111,83) c | 15(88.2) | 96(69.6) | - | - | - | 4(57.2) | 79(86.8) | - |
Age | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  <10 | 9(52.9) | 23(16.7) | 0.002 | 5.6 | 2.0-16.1 | 1(14.3) | 4(4.4) | - |
  10-40 | 3(17.7) | 28(20.3) | - | - |  | 2(28.6) | 5(5.5) | - |
  >40 | 5(29.4) | 87(63.0) | 0.016 | 0.2 | 0.1-0.7 | 4(57.1) | 82(90.1) | - |
Season | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Spring | 3(17.6) | 54(39.1) | - | - | - | - | 23(25.3) | - |
  Summer | 2(11.8) | 42(30.4) | - | - | - | 4(57.1) | 45(49.4) | - |
  Fall | 2(11.8) | 10(7.3) | - | - | - | - | 10(11.0) | - |
  Winter | 10(58.8) | 32(23.2) | 0.004 | 4.7 | 1.7-13.4 | 3(42.9) | 13(14.3) | - |
Water type | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Tap water | 12(70.6) | 118(85.5) | - | - | - | 6(85.7) | 81(89.0) | - |
  Underground water | - | 2(1.4) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
  Spring water | 4(23.5) | 7(5.1) | 0.022 | 5.8 | 1.5-22.3 | - | 2(2.2) | - |
  Miss data | 1(5.9) | 11(8.0) | - | - | - | 1(14.3) | 8(8.8) | - |
Fever >38°C (%) |  |  |  | - | - |  |  |  |
  Yes | 9(52.9) | 47(34.1) | - | 2.5 | 0.9-7.1 | 2(28.6) | 21(23.1) | - |
  No | 7(41.2) | 91(65.9) | - | - | - | 5(71.4) | 70(76.9) | - |
  Miss data | 1(5.9) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Vomiting | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Yes | 7(41.2) | 28(20.3) | - | 2.7 | 0.9-7.7 | - | 6(6.6) | - |
  No | 10(58.8) | 108(78.3) | - | - | - | 7(100) | 85(93.4) | - |
  Miss data | - | 2(1.4) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Stool type | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Watery | 8(47.1) | 49(35.5) | - | - | - | - | 1(1.1) | - |
  Bloody | 1(5.8) | 18(13.0) | - | - | - | - | 3(3.3) | - |
  Non-watery, non-bloody | 8(47.1) | 71(51.5) | - | - | - | 7(100) | 87(95.6) | - |
Abdominal pain | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Yes | 9(52.9) | 84(60.9) | - | - | - | - | 19(20.9) | - |
  No | 7(41.2) | 52(37.7) | - | - | - | 7(100) | 72(79.1) | - |
  Miss data | 1(5.9) | 2(1.4) | - | - | - | - | - | - |