Variable | Case patients | Control patients | P |
---|---|---|---|
(n = 61) | (n = 61) | ||
Age (mean in year ± SD) | 56.8 ± 13.1 | 60.7 ± 8.9 | 0.06 |
Male (%) | 46 (75.4) | 44 (72.1) | 0.68 |
Etiology of liver cirrhosis (%) | Â | Â | 0.10 |
  HBV | 41 (67.2) | 44 (72.1) |  |
  HCV | 6 (9.8) | 11 (18.0) |  |
  Alcohol | 1 (1.6) | 2 (3.3) |  |
  Cryptogenic | 11 (18.0) | 4 (6.6) |  |
  Biliary | 2 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) |  |
Source of bacteremia (%) | Â | Â | <0.01 |
  Lung | 4 (6.6) | 1 (1.6) |  |
  Urinary tract | 1 (1.6) | 6 (9.8) |  |
  CVC | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |  |
  SBP | 6 (9.8) | 19 (31.2) |  |
  Biliary tree | 32 (52.5) | 16 (26.3) |  |
  Abdomena | 7 (11.5) | 3 (4.9) |  |
  Other | 2 (3.3) | 1 (1.6) |  |
  Unknown | 9 (14.8) | 15 (24.6) |  |
Onset of bacteremia (%) | Â | Â | <0.01 |
  Community acquired | 10 (16.4) | 28 (45.9) |  |
  Nosocomialb | 51 (83.6) | 33 (54.1) |  |
Child-Pugh class (%) | Â | Â | 0.64 |
  A | 17 (27.9) | 16 (26.2) |  |
  B | 24 (39.3) | 22 (36.1) |  |
  C | 20 (32.8) | 23 (37.7) |  |
Pitt bacteremia score (mean ± SD) | 2.0 ± 2.6 | 1.4 ± 1.9 | 0.14 |
Charlson weighted index of comorbidity (mean ± SD) | 5.7 ± 1.9 | 5.2 ± 1.7 | 0.16 |
Comorbid conditions (%) | Â | Â | Â |
  Liver transplantation | 20 (32.8) | 10 (16.4) | 0.04 |
  Biliary disease | 39 (63.9) | 18 (29.5) | <0.01 |
  Diabetes mellitus | 4 (6.6) | 5 (8.2) | 1.00 |
  End stage renal disease | 5 (8.2) | 4 (6.6) | 1.00 |
  Hepatocellular carcinoma | 40 (65.6) | 38 (62.3) | 0.71 |
  Solid tumor other than HCC | 8 (13.1) | 4 (6.6) | 0.36 |
  Hematologic malignancies | 3 (4.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.24 |
  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1.00 |
  Bronchiectasis | 2 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.50 |
Clinical presentation (%) | Â | Â | Â |
  Fever | 51 (83.6) | 49 (80.3) | 0.64 |
  Acute renal failure | 0 (0.0) | 6 (9.8) | 0.03 |
  Septic shock | 5 (8.2) | 7 (11.5) | 0.54 |
Co-existing conditions (%) | Â | Â | Â |
  Neutropenia | 2 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.50 |
  Immunosuppressive drugc | 24 (39.3) | 11 (18.0) | <0.01 |
  CVC | 2 (3.3) | 6 (9.8) | 0.27 |
  Urinary catheter | 2 (3.3) | 5 (8.2) | 0.44 |
  Nasogastric tube | 2 (3.3) | 3 (4.9) | 1.00 |
Previous exposure of antibiotics (%) | 52 (85.3) | 50 (82.03) | 0.47 |
Polymicrobial bacteremia (%) | 5 (8.2)d | 2 (3.3)e | 0.44 |
Laboratory data at the time of bacteremia | Â | Â | Â |
  Bilirubin (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 3.7 (1.2 - 13.4) | 2.2 (1.4 - 5.5) | 0.34 |
  Prothrombin time (by INR), median (IQR) | 1.29 (1.11 - 1.56) | 1.43 (1.21 - 1.70) | 0.02 |
  Albumin (g/dL), median (IQR) | 3.1 (2.8 - 3.8) | 3.0 (2.6 - 3.4) | 0.30 |
  Creatinine (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 1.00 (0.81 - 1.56) | 1.00 (0.90 - 1.40) | 0.50 |
Appropriate initial antibiotic regimen (%) | 18 (29.5) | 40 (65.6) | <0.01 |
30-day mortality (%) | 12 (19.7) | 15 (24.6) | 0.51 |