Demographic and clinical characteristics | Analyzed cases (n =451) | Cases without RT-PCR (n=1210) | Â |
---|---|---|---|
Male (%) | 284 (63.0) | 731 (60.8) | Â |
Median age in years (range) | 11 (0–78) | 11 (0–83) |  |
Days with symptoms before admission (median, range) | 2 (0–60) | 2 (0–120) |  |
Admitted to intensive care unit (%) | 56 (13.4) | 104 (10.3) | Â |
Altered mental status on admission (%) | 133 (33.1) | 262 (25.9) | p =0.007 |
Died (%) | 42 (10.2) | 95 (9.5) | Â |
Transferred from another hospital (%) | 270 (60.8) | 634 (52.6) | p =0.003 |
CSF cell counts and chemistry | Â | ||
Leukocyte count (%) | Â | Â | p =0.001 |
<10 x106 cells/L | 2 (0.4) | 7 (0.6) | Â |
10-99 x106 cells/L | 4 (0.9) | 17 (1.5) | Â |
100-999 x106 cells/L | 260 (57.8) | 743 (64.3) | Â |
1000-9,999 x106 cells/L | 107 (23.8) | 262 (22.7) | Â |
≥10,000 x106 cells/L | 77 (17.1) | 127 (11.0) |  |
>50% PMN (%) | 302 (67.1) | 725 (62.7) | Â |
>1.00 g/L protein (%) | 242 (53.7) | 621 (51.5) | Â |
≤1.9 mmol/L glucose (%) | 136 (30.2) | 303 (25.1) | p =0.04 |
Gram stain results | Â | ||
Gram stain with any bacteria (%) | 116 (25.7) | 208 (17.2) | p <0.0001 |
GPDC, GNDC, or GNCB (%) | 100 (22.2) | 172 (14.2) | Â |
GPDC (%) | 49 (10.9) | 80 (6.6) | Â |
GNDC (%) | 46 (10.2) | 80 (6.6) | Â |
GNCB (%) | 5 (1.1) | 12 (1.0) | Â |
Gram stain with bacteria of other morphology | 16 (3.6) | 36 (3.0) | Â |
Culture results | Â | ||
Positive for any bacteria (%) | 100 (22.2) | 178 (14.7) | p =0.0003 |
S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, or H. influenzae (%) | 80 (17.7) | 143 (11.8) | Â |
S. pneumoniae (%) | 40 (8.9) | 61 (5.0) | Â |
N. meningitidis (%) | 36 (8.0) | 67 (5.5) | Â |
H. influenzae (%) | 4 (0.9) | 15 (1.2) | Â |
Streptococcus agalactiae (%) | 2 (0.4) | 2 (0.2) | Â |
Other Streptococcus species (%) | 1 (0.2) | 4 (0.3) | Â |
Staphylococcus species (%) | 5 (1.1) | 4 (0.3) | Â |
Escherichia coli (%) | 2 (0.4) | 5 (0.4) | Â |
Listeria monocytogenes (%) | 1 (0.2) | 0 | Â |
Salmonella species (%) | 1 (0.2) | 0 | Â |
Other bacteria | 8 (1.8) | 20 (1.7) | Â |
RT-PCR result | Â | Â | Â |
Any positive (%) | 113 (25.1) | - | Â |
S. pneumoniae (%) | 51 (11.3) | - | Â |
N. meningitidis (%) | 57 (12.6) | - | Â |
H. influenzae (%) | 5 (1.1) | - | Â |