Factors associated with patient and health care system delay in diagnosis for tuberculosis in the province of Luanda, Angola

Segagni Lusignani, Luigi; Quaglio, Gianluca; Atzori, Andrea; Nsuka, Joseph; Grainger, Ross; Da Conceiçao Palma, Maria; Putoto, Giovanni; Manenti, Fabio

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-168

Table 3 Factors associated with patient and health system delay: bivariate analysis

From: Factors associated with patient and health care system delay in diagnosis for tuberculosis in the province of Luanda, Angola

Variable	Patient delay			System delay
	OR	CI (95%)	p	OR	CI (95%)	p
*Sex*
Males	1			1
Females	1,22	0,80–1,84	0,3543	0,96	0,58–1,58	0,8734
*Age*
1–15	1			1
16–30	1,25	0,61–2,58	0,5374	0,93	0,39–2,18	0,8588
31–45	0,97	0,45–2,08	0,9437	1,14	0,47–2,77	0,7765
>45	1,71	0,71–4,15	0,2312	1,25	0,44–3,52	0,6727
*Education*
None	1			1
Primary	1,97	1,24–3,14	0,0039^*	0,88	0,51–1,53	0,6527
Secondary/Univ.	1,21	0,70–2,11	0,4984	0,62	0,31–1,26	0,1853
*Income*
None	1			1
1–200	0,99	0,62–1,58	0,9575	1,21	0,68–2,14	0,5186
201–400	1,54	0,87–2,73	0,139	1,65	0,85–3,21	0,1372
> 400	1,22	0,50–2,95	0,6622	1,21	0,41–3,52	0,7302
*Occupation*
Employed	1			1
Unemployed	0,71	0,44–1,15	0,1604	0,73	0,42–1,27	0,2623
*N.household members*
1–4	1			1
5–8	0,86	0,55–1,37	0,5316	0,88	0,50–1,54	0,6612
≥ 9	0,99	0,54–1,82	0,979	1,49	0,75–2,97	0,2515
*Residence*
Urban	1			1
Suburban	1	0,63–1,57	0,9923	1,87	1,12–3,12	0,0162^*
*Alcohol use*
Yes	1			1
No	0,88	0,58–1,32	0,5288	1,09	0,67–1,76	0,7409
*Tobacco use*
Yes	1			1
No	0,87	0,56–1,37	0,5571	1,04	0,4–1,79	0,8909
Transport method
Vehicle	1			1
Walking	0,85	0,56–1,28	0,4393	0,89	0,55–1,46	0,6547
*Time taken to reach the TB centre*
≤1/2 hour	1			1
>1/2– ≤ 1 hour	1,16	0,73–1,83	0,5274	1,46	0,85–2,51	0,1684
>1 hour	1,39	0,78–2,51	0,2665	1,38	0,69–2,76	0,3637
*Transport cost in US $*
None	1			1
≤ 1	1,35	0,78–2,35	0,2825	1,03	0,53–2,01	0,9203
1–1,9	1,15	0,67–1,97	0,6086	1,00	0,52–1,91	0,9906
≥2	1,02	0,55–1,87	0,9581	1,17	0,58–2,36	0,6674
BK
Negative	1			1
Positive	1,06	0,68–1,64	0,7967	1,04	0,61–1,75	0,8907
*Basic knowledge of TB*
Yes	1			1
No	0,88	0,58–1,34	0,5566	1,06	0,64–1,74	0,8232
*Expenses for diagnosis/treatment*
No		1		1
Yes	1,22	0,80–1,85	0,3502	0,94	0,58–1,54	0,8132
*High volume DOTS centres*
<600 patients	1			1
≥600 patients	0,59	0,39–0,89	0,0125^*	0,75	0,46–1,22	0,2468
*Density inhabitants/HCW (physicians and nurses)*
<1400	1			1
≥1400	0,89	0,59–1,34	0,5803	1,16	0,72–1,89	0,5403
*Waiting time at in the centre for being attended*
≤1/2 hour	1			1
>1/2– ≤ 1 hour	0,62	0,34–1,11	0,107	1,29	0,66–2,52	0,4478
>1 hour	0,59	0,27–1,29	0,1816	2,49	1,15–5,54	0,0172*
*Food in the DOTS centre*
Yes	1			1
No	2,82	1,12–7,10	0,0221*	0,58	0,25–1,33	0,1969
*Education in the DOTS centre*
Yes	1			1
No	0,66	0,40–1,10	0,1082	1,21	0,69–2,13	0,506
*Centre of first contact*
DOTS centre	1			1
others	1,97	1,25–3,09	0,0031^*	4,03	2,05–7,91	<0,00001^*

* : p value < 0,05.

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ISSN: 1471-2334

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