From: Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondiiinfection in women of child-bearing age in central Ethiopia
Variable |  Category | IgG Positive/ |  Univariate | Multivariate | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  |  Total (%) |  OR (95% CI) |  OR (95% CI) |  P |
Study areas | Ambo | 64/93 (68.8) | reference | reference | - |
Addis Ababa | 15/150 (76.7) | 1.49 (0.83, 2.66) | 2.42 (0.96, 6.06) | 0.060 | |
Metehara | 54/60 (90.0) | 4.08 (1.58, 10.55) | 2.85 (0.89, 9.16) | 0.078 | |
Debre-Zeit | 113/122 (92.6) | 5.69 (2.54, 12.77) | 4.46 (1.67, 11.89) | 0.003 | |
Age | 15 – 20 | 132/180 (73.3) | reference | reference | - |
(years) | 21 – 25 | 110/130 (84.6) | 2.0 (1.12, 3.57) | 1.22 (0.62, 2.39) | 0.566 |
≥26 | 104/115 (90.4) | 3.4 (1.70, 6.95) | 1.79 (0.80, 4.00) | 0.153 | |
Residential place | Urban | 244/305 (80.0) | reference | Â | Â |
Rural | 102/120 (85.0) | 1.42 (0.80, 2.52) | |||
Monthly income | High | 27/33 (81.8) | reference | reference | - |
Medium | 28/36 (77.8) | 1.29 (0.39, 4.20) | 1.07 (0.29, 3.94) | 0.913 | |
Low | 291/356 (81.7) | 1.00 (0.40, 2.53) | 1.24 (0.43, 3.60) | 0.690 | |
Education | Tertiary | 54/67 (80.6) | reference | reference | - |
Secondary | 90/115 (78.3) | 1.15 (0.55, 2.44) | 1.58 (0.66, 3.75) | 0.303 | |
Primary | 130/162 (80.3) | 1.02 (0.50, 2.10) | 1.46 (0.62, 3.44) | 0.389 | |
Illiterate | 72/81 (89.0) | 1.93 (0.77, 4.83) | 1.93 (0.61, 6.15) | 0.266 | |
Pregnancy | No | 162/212 (76.4) | reference | reference | - |
Yes | 184/213 (86.4) | 1.96 (1.18, 3.24) | 2.01 (1.13, 3.59) | 0.018 | |
House floor | Cemented | 199/252 (79.0) | reference | reference | - |
 | Soil | 147/173 (85.0) | 1.51 (0.90, 2.52) | 1.25 (0.64, 2.45) | 0.516 |
Raw meat consumption | No | 204/248 (82.3) | reference | reference | - |
Yes | 142/177 (80.2) | 1.14 (0.70, 1.87) | 1.13 (0.59, 2.18) | 0.713 | |
Hand washing after handling raw meat | Yes | 319/389 (82.0) | reference | reference | - |
N0 | 27/36 (75.0) | 1.52 (0.68, 3.37) | 1.31 (0.52, 3.31) | 0.573 | |
Raw vegetable consumption | No | 298/364 (81.9) | reference | reference | - |
Yes | 150/171 (87.7) | 2.11 (1.23, 3.64) | 2.21 (1.03, 4.78) | 0.043 | |
Raw milk consumption | No | 196/254 (77.2) | reference | reference | - |
Yes | 48/61 (78.7) | 1.22 (0.63, 2.39) | 1.31 (0.59, 2.90) | 0.507 | |
Source of water | Tap | 160/212 (75.5) | reference | reference | - |
Well + river | 186/213 (87.3) | 2.24 (1.34, 3.73) | 1.99 (0.80, 4.90) | 0.137 | |
Exposure with soil | No | 86/105 (81.9) | reference | reference | - |
Yes | 260/320 (81.3) | 1.05 (0.59, 1.85) | 1.10 (0.53, 2.29) | 0.795 | |
Cat at home | No | 127/167 (76.1) | reference | Â | Â |
Yes | 219/258 (84.9) | 1.77 (1.08, 2.89) | Â | Â | |
Contact with cat | No | 130/170 (76.5) | reference | reference | - |
Yes | 216/255 (84.7) | 1.70 (1.04, 2.79) | 1.12 (0.57, 2.21) | 0.746 | |
Precaution | Yes | 120/129 (93.0) | reference | Â | Â |
No | 104/136 (76.5) | 4.10 (1.87, 8.99) | |||
HIV status | Negative | 247/313 (78.9) | reference | reference | - |
 | Positive | 99/112 (88.4) | 2.03 (1.07, 3.85) | 1.47 (0.69, 3.14) | 0.316 |