Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in a population-based study: Link between etiology and patients characteristics, process-of-care, clinical evolution and outcomes

Table 5 Clinical evolution and outcomes of patients with community-acquired pneumonia according to etiologic categories (N° = 390)

Clinical evolution and outcomes	Conventional Bacteria (N = 163)	Atypical Agents (N = 151)	Virus (N = 41)	Mixed Infection (N = 35)	Pvalue^║
Clinical evolution
Treatment failure	15 (9.2)	8 (5.3)	0 (0)	1 (2.9)	0.1
Severe sepsis	71 (43.8)	22 (14.6)	6 (14.6)	6 (17.1)	<0.0001
Septic shock	8 (4.9)	1 (0.7)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.04
Hospitalized	123 (75.5)	39 (25.8)	13 (31.7)	21 (60)	<0.0001
Admission to intensive care unit	14 (8.6)	1 (0.7)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.0007
Use of mechanical ventilation	2 (1.2)	1 (0.7)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.8
Outcomes
Mortality within 30 days	7 (4.3)	2 (1.3)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.2
In-hospital mortality^*	5 (4.1)	2 (5.1)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.7
Readmission within 30 days^*	10 (8.1)	2 (5.1)	0 (0)	2 (9.5)	0.7
Length of hospital stay^*† (days)
Mean (SD)	3.9 (3.1)	3 (2.7)	2.9 (2)	2.9 (2.4)	0.05
>3	57 (48.3)	8 (21.6)	4 (30.8)	5 (23.8)	0.01
Return to daily activity^†, mean (SD),days	19.5 (9.1)	19.6 (11)	21.6 (11.5)	17.8 (11.1)	0.3
Subsequent hospitalization^‡	1 (2.6)	3 (2.7)	1 (3.6)	1 (7.1)	0.8

SD = standard deviation.
Data are presented as numbers (percentage) of patients unless otherwise stated. Percentages exclude patients with missing data. Treatment failure, septic shock, and severe sepsis are defined in text.
^* Only for hospitalized patients.
^†Inhospital deaths are excluded.
^‡ Only for ambulatory patients.
^║ The p-value obtained from the Chi-square or Fisher exact test for categorical variables, and Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables.

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