Pharmacodynamic evaluation of commonly prescribed oral antibiotics against respiratory bacterial pathogens

BMC Infectious Diseases

Table 1 Summary of pharmacokinetic parameters for antimicrobials used in the Monte Carlo simulation

	Pharmacokinetic Parameter (mean ± SD)
Antibiotic	CLT (L/hr)	Vc (L)	Fraction unbound (%)*	Intercompartment Rate Constants (h^-1)		Absorption Rate Constant (h^-1)
				K12	K21	K01
Amoxicillin ± clavulanate	22.2677 ± 5.8091	14.0622 ± 5.5932	80 ± 2	1.77 ± 2.27	1.91 ± 1.12	0.93 ± 0.49
Cefaclor	43.1513 ± 13.0045	29.3195 ± 8.3441	75 ± 5	0.45 ± 0.12	1.15 ± 0.35	2.61 ± 0.78
	CL_F (L/hr)
Azithromycin	122 ± 33	---	---
Levofloxacin	10.5 ± 1.48	---	62-76
Gatifloxacin	12.54 ± 1.27	---	78-82
Moxifloxacin	14.9 ± 1.18	---	49.5-70

* Fraction unbound estimates simulated as a mean (SD) Gaussian distribution for amoxicillin, co-amoxiclav, and cefaclor. Estimates simulated as a range for the FQ and azithromycin, where each value in the range has an equal likelihood of occurring.
CLT = total body clearance reported from 2-compartment model; Vc = volume of the central compartment reported from 2-compartment model; K12 = intercompartment rate constant between first and second compartments; K21 = intercompartment rate constant between second and first compartments; K01 = absorption rate constant; CL_F = clearance accounting for bioavailability reported in pharmacokinetic analyses.