| case(N = 578) | control(N = 756) |  | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | No. | % | No. | % | P |
Age (mean ± SD) | 52.07 ± 18.01 | 52.85 ± 18.42 | 0.176 | ||
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.199 |
   Male | 417 | 72.1 | 569 | 75.3 |  |
   Female | 161 | 27.9 | 187 | 24.7 |  |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
   Illiterate or semi-illiterate | 164 | 28.4 | 89 | 11.8 |  |
   Primary school | 133 | 23 | 215 | 28.4 |  |
   Junior high school | 201 | 34.8 | 267 | 35.3 |  |
   Senior high school or above | 80 | 13.8 | 185 | 24.5 |  |
Smoking | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.003 |
   Ever | 299 | 52.5 | 336 | 44.4 |  |
   Never | 270 | 47.5 | 420 | 55.6 |  |
Drinking | Â | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
   Ever | 101 | 17.9 | 215 | 28.4 |  |
   Never | 463 | 82.1 | 541 | 71.6 |  |