Table 4 Predictors for in-hospital death in 200 episodes of IE among patients admitted to the Veterans General Hospital in Kaohsiung, Taiwan over a five-year period (2004 to 2009) as determined by multivariate analysis
Risk factors | All | Death | Univariate | Multivariate 1 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95%CI) | pvalue | OR (95%CI) | pvalue | |||
Age ≧ 65 years | 64 | 26 | 3.2 (1.6-6.2) | < 0.001 | ||
Female gender | 48 | 20 | 2.9 (1.4-5.8) | 0.002 | ||
NNHCA IE | 30 | 15 | 3.9 (1.7-8.6) | 0.001 | 6.0 (2.3-16.1) | < 0.001 |
Nosocomial IE | 22 | 9 | 2.3 (0.9-5.8) | 0.068 | ||
Prosthetic valve | 18 | 9 | 3.4 (1.3-9.2) | 0.019 | ||
Staphylococci | 115 | 35 | 2.0 (1.0-4.0) | 0.039 | 3.0 (1.1-8.0) | 0.027 |
Streptococci | 57 | 6 | 0.3 (0.1-0.7) | 0.003 | ||
Underlying conditions | ||||||
Diabetes mellitus | 52 | 24 | 4.0 (2.0-8.0) | < 0.001 | ||
Hypertension | 54 | 18 | 1.8 (0.9-3.5) | 0.098 | ||
Predisposing heart condition | 49 | 14 | 1.3 (0.6-2.6) | 0.506 | ||
IVDU | 59 | 10 | 0.5 (0.2-1.1) | 0.089 | ||
Charlson comorbidity index ≧ 2 | 68 | 30 | 4.4 (2.3-8.7) | < 0.001 | ||
Symptoms | ||||||
Constitutional | 142 | 34 | 0.8 (0.4-1.7) | 0.589 | ||
Cardiopulmonary | 65 | 18 | 1.2 (0.6-2.4) | 0.542 | ||
Neurological | 47 | 15 | 1.6 (0.8-3.2) | 0.211 | ||
Gastrointestinal | 14 | 4 | 1.2 (0.4-4.1) | 0.749 | ||
Musculoskeletal | 24 | 5 | 0.8 (0.3-2.2) | 0.615 | ||
Signs | ||||||
Fever | 165 | 41 | 1.0 (0.4-2.2) | 0.914 | ||
Heart murmur | 83 | 19 | 0.8 (0.4-1.6) | 0.562 | ||
Alteration in consciousness | 34 | 15 | 3.0 (1.4-6.4) | 0.005 | 3.9 (1.4-11.1) | 0.012 |
Shock | 20 | 13 | 7.2 (2.7-19.3) | < 0.001 | 7.8 (2.4-25.2) | 0.001 |
Unrecognition on admission 2 | 94/162 | 25 | 1.3 (0.6-2.7) | 0.509 | ||
Delay of appropriate antibiotics 3 | 71/165 | 24 | 2.9 (1.4-6.2) | 0.004 | 3.7 (1.5-9.1) | 0.004 |