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Table 2 Univariate and multivariate assessment of factors associated with incident genital warts over three years

From: Genital warts and infection with human immunodeficiency virus in high-risk women in Burkina Faso: a longitudinal study

Characteristic

Number of events/person-years

Unadjusted HRa(95% CI)

Adjusted HRb(95% CI)

P-value

1. Among all women:

    

   HIV status, nadir CD4+ count

    

HIV seronegative

8/756

1.0

1.0

 

HIV-1+, CD4 >200cells/μL

18/245

7.29 (3.0-17.70)

6.51 (2.38-17.78)

<0.001

HIV-1+, CD4 ≤200 cells/μL

24/165

14.92 (6.21-35.85)

19.13 (6.94-52.71)

<0.001

Enrolment variables:

    

   Age groups, years

    

16-24

9/454

1.0

1.0

 

25-34

28/414

3.29 (1.40-7.74)

1.74 (0.69-4.42)

0.24

>34

13/294

2.19 (0.84-5.72)

0.83 (0.29-2.37)

0.73

   Education

    

None

32/510

1.0

  

Primary/Above

18/655

0.43 (0.22-0.86)

0.45 (0.23-0.88)

0.02

   Age at first sex, years

    

10-17

41/889

1.0

  

18-29

9/275

0.71 (0.30-1.67)

  

   Smoking

5/63

1.76 (0.50-6.15)

1.56 (0.50-4.86)

0.44

   HSV-2 positive serology

43/676

4.33 (1.81-10.38)

0.86 (0.31-2.38)

0.77

   History of pregnancy

47/954

3.42 (0.96-12.16)

1.30 (0.33-5.11)

0.71

Concurrent variables:

    

   Number of sex partners in past week

    

0

10/241

1.0

1.0

 

1-9

30/753

1.05 (0.48-2.27)

1.46 (0.66-3.22)

0.35

≥10

10/116

2.44 (0.85-7.05)

3.16 (1.11-8.95)

0.03

   Contraceptive use

    

None/Other

40/958

1.0

1.0

 

Hormonal contraception

4/156

0.64 (0.21-1.94)

0.85 (0.28-2.61)

0.77

Injectable contraception

4/34

2.95 (0.81-10.75)

3.24 (0.91-11.51)

0.07

   Practices regular vaginal douching

43/987

1.01 (0.33-3.11)

  

   Condom use with clients/partners

    

Sometimes/Never

31/799

1.0

  

Always

19/311

1.75 (0.92-3.33)

  

   Days since last menstruationc

    

≤15

27/503

1.0

  

>15

14/415

0.69 (0.35-1.37)

  

   Bacterial vaginosis

18/226

2.11 (1.12-4.00)

2.17 (1.13-4.18)

0.02

   Trichomonas vaginalis

1/30

1.18 (0.13-10.53)

  

   Genital ulceration

5/23

4.66 (1.55-14.03)

3.29 (1.13-9.55)

0.03

2. Among HIV-1 positive women only:

    

   On HAART at prior visit

15/94

1.39 (0.66-2.95)

1.50 (0.61-3.70)

0.38

   Highest log10 viral load in the past 3 years

 

1.35 (0.99-1.83)

1.13 (0.78-1.65)

0.51

   CD4+ count at prior visit (per 100 cells/μL increase)

 

0.73 (0.57-0.93)

0.79 (0.61-1.02)

0.07

  1. HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; HAART: highly active antiretroviral therapy.
  2. a Determined by Cox regression with shared frailty; b Adjusted for HIV-1 serostatus and nadir CD4+ count, age group, educational status, smoking, history of pregnancy and HSV-2 serostatus at enrolment, and concurrent number of weekly sex partners, contraception, genital ulcerations and bacterial vaginosis; c Women with amenorrhea and menopause were excluded from this group.
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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