Decreased Streptococcus pneumoniae susceptibility to oral antibiotics among children in rural Vietnam: a community study

Table 3 Antibiotic resistance in relation to background characteristics of the 421 S. pneumoniae carriers.

Characteristics Total number of carrier in bracket	Percentage of resistant strains among total carriers within each category
	TET^†	PEN G^† (AMX, AMP)	PEN V^†	CTX^†	SXT^†	ERY^†	CIP^†	MDR^†
Sex
- Female^R (187)	68*	5	72	3	78	67	25	56
- Male (234)	80* (**)	3	77	1	79	72	31	63
Age
- 6-23 months^R (217)	75	4	76	3	78	73	27	61
- 24-60 months (204)	74	2	74	2	78	67	29	59
Region
- Lowland^R (145)	77	2	78	0*	74*	68*	32	55*
- Highland (146)	72	6	77	5*	74*	64*	24	56*
- Mountains (130)	75	4	69	2*	88* (**)	78*	29	70* (**)
Economic status
- Under average^R (203)	79	5	76	3	80	72	31	61
- Average or upper (218)	71	3	74	1	76	68	26	59
Prior antibiotic use
- No^R (183)	73	3	68*	0.5*	73*	67	26	56
- Yes (238)	76	5	80(*)	3*	82(*)	72	30	63
Total (421)	75	4	75	2	78	70	28	60

* p < 0.05: significant different between groups using χ² test.
** Significant difference between group vs. reference using multiple logistic regression analysis.
^R Reference groups in multiple logistic regression analysis
^† TET: tetracycline, PEN G: benzylpenicillin, AMX: amoxicillin, AMP: ampicillin, PEN V: phenoxymethylpenicillin, CTX: cefotaxime, SXT: co-trimoxazole, ERY: erythromycin, CIP: ciprofloxacin, MDR: multidrug-resistant.

ISSN: 1471-2334