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Table 1 Prevalence of H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis and S. pneumoniae carriage by age group (aggregate data from 2002 and 2004)

From: Epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carriage of respiratory bacterial pathogens in children and adults: cross-sectional surveys in a population with high rates of pneumococcal disease

Age group

(yrs)

H. influenzae carriage n/N

(%)

M. catarrhalis carriage n/N

(%)

S. pneumoniae carriage n/N

(%)

*Odds ratio S. pneumoniae carriage

(95% CI)

Adults

    

16-24

26/133 (19.6)

14/133 (10.5)

23/133 (17.3)

1

25-34

35/135 (25.9)

29/135 (21.5)

30/135 (22.2)

1.37 (0.68-2.74)

35-44

23/120 (19.2)

21/120 (17.5)

37/120 (30.8)

2.13 (1.09-4.15)

45-54

22/95 (23)

15/95 (16)

29/95 (31)

2.10 (1.04-4.26)

≥55

17/55 (31)

13/55 (24)

21/55 (38)

2.95 (1.30-6.69)

Total

123/538 (22.9)

92/538 (17.1)

140/538 (26.0)

 

Children

    

2-4

70/102 (68.6)

91/102 (89.2)

84/102 (82.4)

1

5-8

84/132 (63.6)

104/132 (78.8)

96/132 (72.7)

0.57 (0.29-1.11)

9-12

37/93 (40)

53/93 (57)

48/93 (52)

0.23 (0.12-0.45)

13-15

10/23 (44)

10/23 (43)

7/23 (30)

0.09 (0.03-0.27)

Total

201/350 (57.4)

258/350 (73.7)

235/350 (67.1)

 
  1. * Odds ratios and confidence intervals calculated using logistic regression and adjusted for repeated measures on an individual. Score tests for trends of odds across adult and child age groups: H. influenzae - Adults, p = 0.28; Children, p = 0.0001. M. catarrhalis - Adults, p = 0.12; Children, p < 0.0001. S. pneumoniae - Adults, p = 0.0005; Children, p < 0.0001.