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Table 2 Risk factors associated with primary EBV infection.

From: Primary gamma-herpesviral infection in Zambian children

  

Unadjusted Analysis

Adjusted Analysisb

 

Positive/Total No.a

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

Socio-Demographic Characteristics

    

Gender

     

   - Male

199/347

0.39

0.87 (0.64 - 1.19)

  

   - Female

200/330

 

Reference

  

Ethnic Group

     

   - Nyanja

182/308

0.88

1.03 (0.72 - 1.47)

  

   - All others

99/167

0.87

1.04 (0.68 - 1.57)

  

   - Bemba

118/202

 

Reference

  

Mothers Education

     

   - 0-7 years

222/348

0.01

1.51 (1.11 - 2.06)

0.006

1.56 (1.14 - 2.13)

   - 8 or more years

177/329

 

Reference

 

Reference

Mothers Employment

     

   - Unemployed

331/566

0.56

1.13 (0.74 - 1.72)

  

   - Employed

61/109

 

Reference

  

Monthly Income

     

   - less than 100,000 ZMK

189/309

0.28

1.18 (0.87 - 1.61)

  

   - more than 100,000 ZMK

210/368

 

Reference

  

Household members

     

   - 6 or more

148/247

0.74

1.06 (0.77 - 1.45)

  

   - 2 to 5

245/418

 

Reference

  

HIV infection (mother)

     

   - Positive

108/149

<0.001

2.15 (1.44 - 3.2)

0.005

1.86 (1.20 - 2.87)

   - Negative

291/528

 

Reference

 

Reference

Child Characteristics c

    

Birth weight of child

     

   - less than 3.2 Kg

251/430

0.72

0.95 (0.69 - 1.29)

  

   - more than 3.2 Kg

147/244

 

Reference

  

Diarrhea

     

   - Ever

140/238

0.98

0.99 (0.72 - 1.37)

  

   - Never

257/436

 

Reference

  

Fever

     

   - Ever

168/270

0.15

1.26 (0.92 - 1.72)

  

   - Never

229/404

 

Reference

  

Cough

     

   - Ever

214/371

0.48

0.89 (0.66 - 1.22)

  

   - Never

183/303

 

Reference

  

Rashes

     

   - Ever

96/143

0.02

1.56 (1.06 - 2.3)

0.08

1.43 (0.96 - 2.13)

   - Never

301/531

 

Reference

 

Reference

Malaria

     

   - Ever

48/78

0.61

1.13 (0.7 - 1.84)

  

   - Never

349/596

 

Reference

  

HIV infection (child)

     

   - Positive

63/91

0.03

1.67 (1.04 - 2.69)

0.14

1.44 (0.88 - 2.36)

   - Negative

336/586

 

Reference

 

Reference

EBV infection

     

   - Positive

33/41

0.01

3.04 (1.38 - 6.69)

0.27

1.64 (0.67 - 3.90)

   - Negative

41/636

 

Reference

  

Antibiotics

     

   - Ever

273/475

0.24

0.82 (0.58 - 1.15)

  

   - Never

124/199

Reference

   

Traditional therapy

     

   - Yes

40/61

0.27

1.37 (0.79 - 2.37)

  

   - No

357/613

 

Reference

  

Multivitamin use

     

   - Ever

20/32

0.67

1.17 (0.56 - 2.44)

  

   - Never

377/642

 

Reference

  
  1. OR- Odds Ratio, CI- Confidence Interval, ZMK- Zambian Kwacha.
  2. aTotal number may not add up to 677 in all categories due to missing values.
  3. bAdjusted analysis includes all variables with p-value ≤ 0.05 in the unadjusted analysis.
  4. cData on lymphadenopathy, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, oral thrush and hematinics use in the child were also analyzed but not shown in this table.
  5. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios to predict association between primary EBV infection in a cohort of 677 children and socio-demographic characteristics and medical conditions in Lusaka, Zambia, 1998-2004.
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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