Table 1 Clinical and laboratory characteristics of HIV patients with M. genavense CNS involvement
First author, Y (ref) | Country | Age, Sex | HIV diagnosis | Primary manifestations | Previous significant History | Physical examination | Imaging | Laboratory/Pathology | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neurological | Other | Brain MRI/CT | Other | CD4 count /µL | CSF | Biopsy ± Microbiology | ||||||
Berman, 1994 [19] | USA | 50, M | 7 months | Seizure, right-sided paresthesia/decreased force, memory issues | N/A | Unilateral sensorimotor deficits | Kaposi’s sarcoma in lower limbs, molluscum contagiosum lesions | Left parietal mass | N/A | 84 | N/A | Mass: [Bx: lymphohistiocytic infiltrations, AFB: (+), culture: M. genavense] BM: [Bx: no granulomatous infection] |
Kyrill, 2013 [20] | Belgium | 58, F | 15 years | Fever, weight loss, diarrhea, hypotension | No ART compliance | Decreased DTRs, gait disturbance | Hepatosplenomegaly | N/A | Infarcted spleen, bone marrow and lymph nodes involvement | 14 | culture and 16s-rRNA: M. genavense | BM: [Bx: non-diagnostic, AFB: (+), culture: M. genavense] Blood culture: M. genavense |
Toussi, 2017 [21] | USA | 39, F | N/A | Work-up for intracranial mass, constitutional | N/A | Normal | N/A | Right parietal mass | Lung nodule (unknown origin) | N/A | N/A | Mass: [Bx: epithelioid spindle-shaped histiocytes with reactive responses, AFB: (+), rRNA-16s: M. genavense] |
Vazquez, 2022 [22] | Argentina | 49, M | N/A | Left shoulder pain | Cryptococcosis, CMV, HZV, atypical mycobacterium (doudenal and bone marrow), nodular lesions in brain (2 years) responsive to anti-mycobacterial treatment | Normal | N/A | right temporo-parietal mass | Lung nodule, adjacent pleural thickening and rib osteolysis | 100 | N/A | Mass: [AFB: (+), Bx: N/A, culture: atypical mycobacterium, rRNA-16s: M. genavense] |
Kuczynski, 2023 [23] | Canada | 54, M | 9 years | Focal seizure | No ART compliance (for 5 years) | Normal | N/A | left parietal mass | Ruled out malignancy | 166 | AFB: (-), mildly increased protein | Mass: [Bx: Langerhans giant cells and granulomatous inflammation, AFB: (+), MTB & MAC PCR: (-), rRNA-16Â S & hsp65: M. genavense] |
Current Study | Iran | 57, M | 4 months | Fatigue and nausea, weight loss, cough | CMV retinitis | Normal | Splenomegaly | First admission: no finding, F/U: Right hemispherical mass in the corpus callosum, edema, and two lesions in the cerebellum | Lung nodule, tree-in-bud pattern, paraaortic and porta hepatis lymphadenopathy | 10, 13 | AFB: (+), decreased glucose, TB culture and GeneXpert®: (-), hsp65: M. genavense | BM: [Bx: foamy histiocytes and atypical mycobacterium, AFB: (+)] |