Table 4 Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with propensity scores of ≥0.95 versus < 0.95
|  | Propensity score 0.95 or higher (N = 80) | Propensity score < 0.95 (N = 726) | Standard mean difference (SMD) |
|---|---|---|---|
Median (IQR) or N (%) | Median (IQR) or N (%) | ||
Age | 66 (56;74) | 66 (54;73) | 0.00 |
Male | 55 (68.8) | 427 (58.8) | −0.21 |
Blood sampling from an indwelling line | 21 (26.3) | 43 (5.9) | −0.57 |
Infection caused by anaerobic bacteria | 2 (2.5) | 32 (4.4) | 0.10 |
High risk pathogen | 59 (73.8) | 340 (46.8) | −0.57 |
Infection caused by gram-positive bacteria | 51 (63.8) | 291 (40.1) | −0.49 |
Presentation at outpatient clinic before hospital admission | 24 (30.0) | 438 (60.3) | 0.64 |
Length of hospital stay ≥48 hours before developing bloodstream infection | 47 (58.8) | 202 (27.8) | −0.65 |
Pre-treatment with antibiotics before developing bloodstream infection | 35 (43.8) | 198 (27.3) | −0.35 |
Pre-treatment with antibiotic adequate | 8 (10.0) | 61 (8.4) | −0.06 |
Source of infection: | Â | Â | Â |
• Urinary tract | 0 | 214 (29.5) | 0.91 |
• Gastro-intestinal | 3 (3.8) | 224 (30.9) | 0.77 |
• Pulmonary | 0 | 81 (11.2) | 0.50 |
• Intravascular | 7 (8.8) | 89 (12.3) | 0.11 |
• Skin and soft tissue | 0 | 61 (8.4) | 0.43 |
• Other | 0 | 44 (6.1) | 0.36 |
• Unknown | 70 (87.5) | 9 (1.2) | −3.48 |
High risk source of infection | 70 (87.5) | 348 (47.9) | −0.93 |
Antibiotic treatment in 2 months before developing bloodstream infection | 46 (57.5) | 350 (48.2) | −0.19 |
History of antibiotic resistance | 17 (21.3) | 101 (13.9) | −0.19 |
Infection caused by resistant gram-negative bacteria in past 6 months | 7 (8.8) | 45 (6.2) | −0.10 |
ICU admission in past 6 months | 18 (22.5) | 54 (7.4) | −0.43 |
Admission to Dutch hospital in past 6 months | 45 (56.3) | 346 (47.7) | −0.17 |
Chronic urological disease | 1 (1.3) | 119 (16.4) | 0.55 |
Lives in nursery home | 4 (5.0) | 25 (3.4) | −0.08 |
Immunocompromised | 52 (65.0) | 368 (50.7) | −0.29 |
Prednisolone use | 36 (45.0) | 202 (27.8) | −0.36 |
Diabetes mellitus | 12 (15.0) | 150 (20.7) | 0.15 |
Neutropenia < 0.5 before developing bloodstream infection | 29 (36.3) | 75 (10.3) | −0.64 |
History of stem cell transplantation | 13 (16.3) | 45 (6.2) | −0.32 |
History of solid organ transplantation | 7 (8.8) | 99 (13.5) | 0.15 |
Liver cirrhosis | 2 (2.5) | 15 (2.1) | −0.03 |
Current malignancy | 36 (45.0) | 206 (28.4) | −0.35 |
Dialysis | 2 (2.5) | 13 (1.8) | −0.05 |
Fever | 41 (51.3) | 455 (62.7) | 0.23 |
Hypotension | 17 (21.3) | 125 (17.2) | −0.10 |
Tachycardia | 35 (43.8) | 382 (52.6) | 0.18 |
Altered state of consciousness (includes somnolence and confusion) | 19 (23.8) | 107 (14.7) | −0.23 |
Patient considered ‘ill’ by physician | 19 (23.8) | 169 (23.3) | −0.01 |
PITT bacteraemia score | 1 (0;2) | 1 (0;2) | −0.35 |
qSOFA score | 1 (0;2) | 1 (0;2) | −0.04 |
qSOFA score missing | 8 (10.0) | 55 (7.6) | −0.09 |
Resistance current pathogen | 11 (13.8) | 136 (18.7) | 0.13 |
History of resistance of current pathogen and history of resistance known at baseline | 9 (11.3) | 37 (5.1) | −0.23 |
ICU admission for two days or more at time of blood sampling | 10 (12.5) | 27 (3.7) | −0.32 |