Table 2 Clinical and demographic characteristics after matching
|  | First diagnosis incorrect (N = 171) | First diagnosis correct (N = 171) | Standard mean difference (SMD) |
|---|---|---|---|
Median (IQR) or N (%) | Median (IQR) or N (%) | ||
Age | 65 (54;74) | 67 (54;75) | 0.06 |
Male | 107 (62.6) | 107 (62.6) | 0.00 |
Blood sampling from an indwelling line | 8 (4.7) | 9 (5.3) | 0.03 |
Infection caused by anaerobic bacteria | 11 (6.4) | 9 (5.3) | −0.05 |
High risk pathogen | 89 (52.1) | 92 (53.8) | 0.04 |
Infection caused by gram-positive bacteria | 78 (45.6) | 80 (46.8) | 0.02 |
Presentation at outpatient clinic before hospital admission | 92 (53.8) | 83 (48.5) | − 0.11 |
Length of hospital stay ≥48 hours before developing bloodstream infection | 56 (32.8) | 61 (35.7) | 0.06 |
Pre-treatment with antibiotics before developing bloodstream infection | 50 (29.3) | 48 (28.1) | −0.03 |
Pre-treatment with antibiotic adequate | 15 (8.8) | 14 (8.2) | −0.02 |
Source of infection: | Â | Â | Â |
• Urinary tract | 36 (21.1) | 35 (20.5) | −0.01 |
• Gastro-intestinal | 59 (34.5) | 60 (35.1) | 0.01 |
• Pulmonary | 14 (8.2) | 14 (8.2) | 0.00 |
• Intravascular | 34 (19.9) | 32 (18.7) | 0.03 |
• Skin and soft tissue | 14 (8.2) | 14 (8.2) | 0.00 |
• Other | 12 (7.0) | 11 (6.4) | −0.02 |
• Unknown | 4 (2.3) | 2 (1.2) | −0.09 |
High risk source of infection | 66 (38.6) | 62 (36.3) | −0.05 |
Antibiotic treatment in 2 months before developing bloodstream infection | 84 (49.1) | 88 (51.5) | 0.05 |
History of antibiotic resistance | 21 (12.3) | 16 (9.4) | −0.09 |
Infection caused by resistant gram-negative bacteria in past 6 months | 10 (5.9) | 8 (4.7) | −0.05 |
ICU admission in past 6 months | 16 (9.4) | 17 (9.9) | 0.02 |
Admission to Dutch hospital in past 6 months | 86 (50.3) | 83 (48.5) | −0.03 |
Chronic urological disease | 15 (8.8) | 11 (6.4) | −0.09 |
Lives in nursery home | 6 (3.5) | 6 (3.5) | 0.00 |
Immunocompromised | 88 (51.5) | 84 (49.1) | −0.05 |
Prednisolone use | 51 (29.8) | 51 (29.8) | 0.00 |
Diabetes mellitus | 35 (20.5) | 30 (17.5) | −0.07 |
Neutropenia < 0.5 before developing bloodstream infection | 22 (12.9) | 22 (12.9) | 0.00 |
History of stem cell transplantation | 7 (4.1) | 11 (6.4) | 0.10 |
History of solid organ transplantation | 20 (11.7) | 15 (8.8) | −0.10 |
Liver cirrhosis | 4 (2.3) | 5 (2.9) | 0.04 |
Current malignancy | 59 (34.5) | 56 (32.8) | −0.04 |
Dialysis | 5 (2.9) | 5 (2.9) | 0.00 |
Fever | 99 (57.9) | 101 (59.1) | 0.02 |
Hypotension | 25 (14.6) | 26 (15.2) | 0.02 |
Tachycardia | 89 (52.1) | 89 (52.1) | 0.00 |
Altered state of consciousness (includes somnolence and confusion) | 24 (14.0) | 23 (13.5) | −0.02 |
Patient considered ‘ill’ by physician | 43 (25.2) | 48 (28.1) | 0.07 |
PITT bacteraemia score | 1 (0;2) | 1 (0;2) | 0.00 |
qSOFA score | 1 (0;2) | 1 (0;1) | −0.03 |
qSOFA score missing | 8 (4.7) | 10 (5.9) | 0.05 |
Resistance current pathogen | 30 (17.5) | 30 (17.5) | 0.00 |
History of resistance of current pathogen and history of resistance known at baseline | 7 (4.1) | 9 (5.3) | 0.06 |
ICU admission for two days or more at time of blood sampling | 6 (3.5) | 7 (4.1) | 0.03 |