Fig. 3

Network of patent license and analysis of technology. (a) Patent licensing network. Nodes represent institutions, and edges represent the direction of patent transfer. The node size represents the number of transferred patent families, and the weight of the edge represents the number of transferred patent documents. In the transfer network, the yellow communities are the institutions without patent transfers, the pink communities are where patents circulate between two institutions, and the purple communities are home to the largest number of patent families transferred to institutions. (b) Technological classification. Treatment areas are classified in detail, with patent documents gradually decreasing in a clockwise direction. (c) Time slice of technological trend. The trend of technology categories over time represents an increase in the number of patent documents from blue to red. (d) The development trend of monkeypox vaccines. (e) The temporal trend of IPC characteristics. From blue to red, represents an increase in the number of patent documents. (f) Technical characteristics network. Different-colored communities represent different technical characteristics, which are classified in detail under the “Technical characteristic network” in supplementary information Table S2