Table 2 Factors associated with undetectable viral load among PLHIV on ART from 2016 to 2020 in Northern Tanzania (N = 416)

Age group (in years)

6–14

1.00

1.00

15–24

1.43 (0.82–2.48)

0.204

1.44 (0.78–2.67)

0.249

25–54

1.37 (0.88–2.14)

0.164

1.33 (0.78–2.26)

0.297

55+

1.39 (0.89–2.21)

0.157

1.33 (0.77–2.31)

0.308

Sex

Male

1.00

1.00

Female

1.13 (0.98–1.29)

0.086

1.06 (0.93–1.22)

0.379

Marital status

Single

1.00

1.00

Married/Cohabiting

0.94 (0.79–1.11)

0.449

0.99 (0.82–1.19)

0.910

Divorced/Separated

0.99 (0.82–1.21)

0.985

1.01 (0.81–1.26)

0.908

*Current BMI (kg/m²)

Underweight

0.88 (0.64–1.22)

0.443

0.94 (0.69–1.28)

0.699

Normal

1.00

1.00

Overweight

1.11 (0.94–1.31)

0.208

1.17 (0.99–1.37)

0.059

Obesity

1.25 (1.08–1.45)

0.003

1.21 (1.03–1.42)

0.023

HIV Stage

Stage I

1.00

1.00

Stage II

1.01 (0.86–1.17)

0.948

1.00 (0.86–1.17)

0.984

Stage III

0.76 (0.64–0.91)

0.002

0.77 (0.65–0.91)

0.003

Stage IV

0.86 (0.65–1.14)

0.294

0.92 (0.71–1.19)

0.515

ART regimen

First line

1.29 (0.79–2.07)

0.303

0.96 (0.56–1.63)

0.878

Second line

1.00

1.00

*Visit status

1–2

1.00

1.00

3

1.42 (1.13–1.79)

0.003

1.36 (1.08–1.72)

0.009

4–6

1.36 (1.08–1.71)

0.010

1.29 (1.03–1.63)

0.029

Treatment supporter

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

0.96 (0.79–1.16)

0.661

0.99 (0.81–1.21)

0.913

ART adherence

Poor

1.00

1.00

Good

1.46 (0.88–2.44)

0.142

1.46 (0.89–2.39)

0.131