Reference | 2003 [2] | 2006 [5] | 2007 [3] | 2014 [4] | 2007 [6] | Our data |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases number | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 1 |
Age(y)/Gender | 55/M | NM/M | 92/F | 66/M | 27/M(1), NM/M(3),neonate(1),55/M(1) | 51/M |
Community-acquired or hospital acquired | NM | NM | Nosocomial acquisition | Community-acquired | NM | Community-acquired |
Sources | NM | NM | Catheter-related | Handled the skin of a deer and a wild boar. | NM | Respiratory tract, sugarcane farmer |
Underlying disease | Alcoholic liver cirrhosis. | NM | Hypertension, hyperuricaemia and Alzheimer’s disease. | Previously healthy | Intravenous drug abuse(1), multiple myeloma(2), suspected infective endocarditis(1), neonate(1), igg kappa multiple myeloma, received local radiotherapy, corticosteroids and infusion chemotherapy(1). | T2DM |
Presentation | Abdominal pain and diarrhea | NM | 37.4 °C; late increased to 38.6 °C. | Afebrile with no systemic symptoms. Ulcer on a finger with a painful black eschar. | NM(5), febrile at 38.2 °C and experienced rigors after the indwelling central line was flushed(1). | Fever, chills, headache, cough, expectoration, hemoptysis, and dyspnea |
Diagnosis | Bacteremia | Bacteremia | Bacteremia | Cutaneous infection | Bacteremia | Bacteremia and pneumonia |
Sources | Bloodstream | Bloodstream | Bloodstream | Skin infection exudate | Bloodstream | Bloodstream and BALF |
Identification | ||||||
Commercial identification systems | Pantoea agglomerans by Enterotube II (Becton Dickinson Diagnostic Systems, Sparks, MD, USA) and Phoenix Identification System PMIC/ID-30 (Becton Dickinson Diagnostic Systems) | Oerskovia xanthincolytica by API Coryne (biomérieux) | Not identified by API Coryne (biomérieux) | Bacillus spp. | Cellulomonas/Microbacterium spp. By API Coryne (biomérieux) | Unidentified organism by ANC card (biomérieux) |
16 s rRNA | 99% E. profundum (hm584043.1) | Exiguobacterium sp. 99% identity of 1024 nucleotides. | E. acetylicum (99% identity of 506 nucleotides) | E. sibiricum (1413 bp, and similarity was 99.6%) | E. aurantiacum (high sequence homology, 99.2%) | Exiguobacteriu sp. At1b. (1433 bp and similarity 99.7%) |
AST | NM | NM | Susceptible to penicillins, cephalosporins, Aminoglycosides and quinolones | Susceptible to penicillin, cefotaxime, imipenem, levofloxacin, vancomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, doxycycline, linezolid, and daptomycin. | Susceptible to ampicillin, cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, penicillin, rifampicin, teicoplanin, tetracycline and trimethoprim | Susceptible to penicillin, meropenem, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, rifampin, and vancomycin, Resistant to tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin |
Antibiotic therapy | NM | NM | Intravenous cefuroxime treatment was initiated; afterwards, cefuroxime | Ciprofloxacin for 10 days. | 6th patient: intravenous ceftazidime and teicoplanin for the following 3 days, the fever persisted. Others: unknown | Imipenem, moxifloxacin and voriconazole |
Outcome | Recovered | NM | Recovered | Recovered | Recovered | Died |