No. | Risk factors related to Salmonella emergence, maintenance and spread | Bonga center | Hawassa center | Hawassa commercial farm |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Litter change when new flock introduced to the house | No | No | No |
2 | Poultry-house disinfection before placement | Yes | Yes | Yes |
3 | Presence of pests in the houses (cockroaches, rats, etc.) | Yes | Yes | No |
4 | Pest control | No | No | No |
5 | Presence of other animal species in the farm | No | No | No |
6 | Farm access to wild birds | Yes | Yes | Yes |
7 | Boots for workers | Yes | Yes | Yes |
8 | Common use of working and protective materials between houses | Yes | Yes | Yes |
9 | Always boots dipping before entering poultry houses | No | No | No |
10 | Free access to visitors and other workers of the farm | Yes | Yes | Yes |
11 | Source of water for chickens | Well | Well | Pipe |
12 | Conservation of sick chickens together with layer house | Yes | Yes | Yes |
13 | Storage of manure inside the farm compound | Yes | Yes | Yes |
14 | Antibiotic use without identification of disease etiology | Yes | Yes | Yes |
15 | Poultry management types | Litter | Litter | Cage |
16 | Washing of hands before handling chickens | No | No | No |
17 | Regular cleaning of watering and feeding trough | No | No | No |
18 | All in-all out practice | No | No | No |
19 | Disposal of a dead chicken in the compound | Yes | Yes | No |
20 | Rearing of different age groups of chickens in the farm | Yes | Yes | No |
21 | Regular health checkup for workers | No | No | No |
22 | Recent history of workers having signs of diarrhea | Yes | Yes | No |