Outcomes | Sub-Group Comparison of Meta-Analysis | # of Individual Studies Included in Meta-Analysis | Number of Participants Included in Meta-Analysis | Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) | 95% Confidence Interval | P value of overall effect | I2 statistic (p value for heterogeneity) | Interpretation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chest Press (1-RM) | Combined PRE and aerobic exercise group compared with no exercise | 2 studies | 44 | 11.86 kg 1-RMb | 2.37, 21.36 | 0.01a | 46% (p = 0.18) | “Significant and potential clinically important improvement in change in chest press 1-repetition maximum among exercisers compared with non-exercisers.” [12]. |
Knee Flexion (1-RM) | Combined PRE and aerobic exercise group compared with no exercise | 3 studies | 81 | 10.46 kg 1-RMb | 1.64, 19.29 | 0.02a | 91% (p < 0.00001) | “Significant and potential clinical important improvement in change in knee flexion 1-repetition maximum among exercisers compared with non-exercisers” [12]. |
PRE (or combined PRE and aerobic exercise) and testosterone compared with testosterone alone | 2 studies | 51 | 4.67 kg 1-RM | −1.98, 11.31 | 0.17 | 89% (p = 0.002) | Non-significant trend towards a greater increase in knee extension 1-RM among exercisers taking testosterone compared with non-exercisers taking testosterone only. | |
Leg Press (1-RM) | Combined PRE and aerobic exercise group compared with no exercise | 2 studies | 44 | 50.96 kg 1-RMb | −13.01, 114.92 | 0.12 | 88% (p = 0.004) | “Non-significant trend towards an increase in leg press 1-RM among exercisers compared with non-exercisers.” [12]. |
Knee Extension (1-RM) | Combined PRE and aerobic exercise group compared with no exercise | 3 studies | 81 | 20.58 kg 1-RMb | −4.69, 45.86 | 0.11 | 95% (p < 0.00001) | “Non-significant trend towards an increase in knee extension 1-RM among exercisers compared with non-exercisers.” [12]. |
PRE (or combined PRE and aerobic exercise) and testosterone compared with testosterone alone | 2 studies | 51 | 13.09 kg 1-RMb | −9.94, 36.11 | 0.27 | 97% (p < 0.00001) | Non-significant trend towards a greater increase in knee extension 1-RM among exercisers taking testosterone compared with non-exercisers taking testosterone alone. |