Table 3 Factors associated with CMV infection in HIV-infected infants enrolled into phase 2 of the ANRS-PEDIACAM study, Cameroon, 2007–2013 (bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis)
CMV infected infants | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bivariable analysis N = 146 | Multivariable analysis N = 142 | |||||||
% (n) 58.6 (86) | cOR (95% CI) | p | aOR (95% CI) | p | ||||
HIV infected group in Pediacam (n = 146) | ||||||||
Identified during first week of life | 41 | 34.1 (14) | 1 | 1 | ||||
Identified later at diagnosis before 7 months of age | 105 | 68.6 (72) | 4.2 | (1.8–9.8) | <.01 | 2.9 | (1.0–7.8) | 0.04 |
Recruitment site (n = 146) | ||||||||
MCC-CBF | 95 | 66.3 (63) | 1 | 1 | ||||
EHC | 51 | 45.1 (23) | 0.4 | (0.2–0.9) | 0.02 | 0.4 | (0.2–0.9) | 0.03 |
Gender (n = 146) | ||||||||
Female | 81 | 55.6 (45) | 1 | |||||
Male | 65 | 63.1 (41) | 1.4 | (0.7–2.8) | 0.45 | |||
Mode of delivery (n = 143) | ||||||||
Vaginal | 140 | 59.3 (83) | 1 | |||||
Cesarean | 3 | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 | (0.0–1.7) | 0.07 | |||
Age at CMV screening (n = 146) | ||||||||
< 4 months | 82 | 48.8 (40) | 1 | 1 | ||||
> =4 months | 64 | 71.9 (46) | 2.7 | (1.3–5.7) | <.01 | 1.3 | (0.5–3.2) | 0.62 |
Feeding practice (n = 144) | ||||||||
No breastfeeding | 72 | 34.7 (25) | 1 | 1 | ||||
Any history of breastfeeding | 72 | 83.3 (60) | 9.2 | (4.0–22.6) | <.01 | 6.7 | (2.8–15.9) | <.01 |
Water supply at home (n = 139) | ||||||||
Yes | 61 | 60.7 (37) | 1 | |||||
No | 78 | 56.4 (44) | 0.8 | (0.4–1.8) | 0.74 | |||
Existence of a functional fridge at home(n = 137) | ||||||||
Yes | 53 | 60.4 (32) | 1 | |||||
No | 84 | 58.3 (49) | 0.9 | (0.4–2.0) | 0.95 | |||
Electricity supply at home (n = 139) | ||||||||
Yes | 117 | 56.4 (66) | 1 | |||||
No | 22 | 68.2 (15) | 1.7 | (0.6–5.2) | 0.43 | |||
Professional activity of the mother (n = 143) | ||||||||
Housewife/student/unemployed | 93 | 63.4 (59) | 1 | 1 | ||||
Paid activity | 50 | 52.0 (26) | 0.6 | (0.3–1.3) | 0.25 | 0.7 | (0.3–1.6) | 0.33 |
Maternal level of education (n = 144) | ||||||||
Higher education | 8 | 37.5 (3) | 1 | 1 | ||||
Secondary education | 90 | 55.6 (50) | 2.1 | (0.4–14.1) | 0.13 | 1.2 | (0.2–6.6) | 0.96 |
None or primary education | 46 | 69.6 (32) | 3.7 | (0.6–27.2) | 1.3 | (0.2–8.4) | ||
Maternal marital status (n = 145) | ||||||||
Single/divorced/widow | 54 | 42.6 (23) | 1 | 1 | ||||
Married/cohabiting | 91 | 68.1 (62) | 2.9 | (1.4–6.1) | <.01 | 3.4 | (1.4–8.2) | <.01 |
Maternal age at inclusion (n = 144) | ||||||||
> = 25 years | 102 | 55.9 (57) | 1 | |||||
< 25 years | 42 | 64.3 (27) | 1.4 | (0.6–3.2) | 0.46 | |||
HIV-infected mothers’ ART status (n = 141) | ||||||||
HAART started before or during pregnancy | 14 | 57.1 (8) | 1 | |||||
ART prophylaxis | 48 | 50.0 (24) | 0.8 | (0.2–2.9) | 0.27 | |||
Not treated | 79 | 64.6 (51) | 1.4 | (0.4–5.0) | ||||