Variables | Total | Empirical antibiotic therapy | Treatment outcome | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inappropriate (n = 127) | Appropriate (n = 127) | OR (95 % CI) | Non-survival (n = 81, 31.9 %) | Survival (n = 173, 68.1 %) | OR (95 % CI) | ||
Male sex | 165 (65.0) | 84 (66.1) | 81 (63.8) | 1.03 (0.62–1.72) | 59 (70.2) | 106 (62.4) | 0.66 (0.38–1.15) |
Age (years), median (IQR) | 67 (52–75) | 68 (53–76) | 65 (51–73) | 0.99 (0.97–1.00) | 72 (60–79) | 63 (48–72) | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) |
Category of infection | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Healthcare-associateda | 32 (12.6) | 16 (12.6) | 16 (12.6) | 1.07 (0.52–2.23) | 4 (4.8) | 28 (16.5) | 2.31 (0.91–5.84) |
 Nosocomial | 222 (87.4) | 111 (87.4) | 111 (87.4) | 80 (95.2) | 142 (83.5) | ||
Comorbidity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Malignancy | 68 (26.8) | 30 (23.6) | 38 (29.9) | 0.66 (0.37–1.16) | 33 (39.3) | 35 (20.6) | 2.63 (1.46–4.73) |
 Trauma | 24 (9.4) | 14 (11.0) | 10 (7.9) | 1.33 (0.56–3.17) | 7 (8.3) | 17 (10.0) | 0.93 (0.37–2.35) |
 Charlson’s comorbidity indexb, median (IQR) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–4) | 1.08 (0.97–1.19) | 3 (2–6) | 2 (0–2) | 1.37 (1.21–1.54) |
Predisposing factors | Â | Â | Â | ||||
 Foreign body retention | 4 (1.6) | 2 (1.6) | 2 (1.6) | 1.00 (0.14–7.21) | 1 (1.2) | 3 (1.8) | 0.71 (0.07–6.92) |
 Surgical operation | 48 (18.9) | 24 (18.9) | 24 (18.9) | 1.00 (0.53–1.87) | 14 (16.7) | 34 (20.0) | 1.09 (0.56–2.12) |
 Prior antibiotic use | 151 (59.4) | 73 (57.5) | 78 (61.4) | 1.00 (0.60–1.66) | 58 (69.0) | 93 (54.7) | 2.39 (1.33–4.30) |
 Third-generation cephalosporins | 78 (30.7) | 40 (31.5) | 38 (29.9) | 1.15 (0.68–1.95) | 27 (32.1) | 51 (30.0) | 1.40 (0.81–2.44) |
 Fluoroquinolones | 39 (15.4) | 17 (113.4) | 22 (17.3) | 0.89 (0.45–1.75) | 16 (19.8) | 23 (13.5) | 1.96 (0.99–3.91) |
 Glycopeptides | 36 (14.2) | 14 (11.0) | 22 (17.3) | 0.77 (0.38–1.57) | 19 (22.6) | 17 (10.0) | 2.15 (1.05–4.41) |
Primary focus of HA-MRSAB | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 CR-BSI | 144 (56.7) | 72 (56.7) | 72 (56.7) | 1.03 (0.63–1.70) | 52 (61.9) | 92 (54.1) | 1.03 (0.61–1.75) |
 Pneumonia | 22 (8.7) | 12 (9.4) | 10 (7.9) | 0.41 (0.62-3.21) | 11 (13.1) | 11 (6.5) | 3.35 (1.46–7.67) |
Clinical severity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Development of severe sepsis or septic shock | 75 (29.5) | 33 (26.0) | 42 (33.1) | 0.64 (0.37–1.09) | 43 (51.2) | 32 (18.8) | 5.24 (2.93–9.38) |
 Pitt’s bacteremia scorec, median (IQR) | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–3) | 1.08 (0.94–1.24) | 3 (1–4) | 1 (0–2) | 0..96 (0.82–1.12) |
Vancomycin MIC, mg/L | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
 MIC ≥1.0 mg/L | 211 (96.3) | 106 (98.1) | 105 (94.6) | 1.15 (0.52–2.54) | 69 (95.8) | 142 (96.6) | 1.76 (0.36–8.71) |
 MIC ≥1.5 mg/L | 94 (42.9) | 39 (36.1) | 55 (49.5) | 0.60 (0.31–1.16) | 34 (47.2) | 60 (40.8) | 1.60 (0.91–2.83) |
 MIC ≥2 mg/L | 19 (8.7) | 8 (7.4) | 11 (9.9) | 0.47 (0.08–2.61) | 9 (12.5) | 10 (6.8) | 2.46 (0.95–6.34) |
 Appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy, n (%) | 127 (50.0) |  |  |  | 42 (50.0) | 85 (50.0) | 1.20 (0.71–2.03) |
Definitive therapy | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Vancomycin | 145 (57.1) | 68 (53.5) | 77 (60.6) | 0.75 (0.46–1.23) | 48 (57.1) | 97 (57.1) | 1.00 (0.59–1.70) |
 Teicoplanin | 75 (29.5) | 38 (29.9) | 37 (29.1) | 1.04 (0.61–1.78) | 26 (31.0) | 49 (28.8) | 1.11 (0.63–1.96) |
 Linezolid | 28 (11.0) | 16 (12.6) | 12 (9.4) | 1.38 (0.63–3.05) | 9 (10.7) | 19 (11.2) | 0.95 (0.41–2.21) |
 Arbekacin | 45 (17.7) | 25 (19.7) | 20 (15.7) | 1.31 (0.69–2.51) | 10 (11.9) | 35 (20.6) | 0.52 (0.24–1.11) |
 Tigecycline | 4 (1.6) | 2 (1.6) | 2 (1.6) | 1.00 (0.14–6.99) | 2 (2.4) | 2 (1.2) | 2.05 (0.28–14.80) |
 Rifampind | 9 (3.5) | 7 (5.5) | 2 (1.6) | 3.65 (0.74–17.9) | 0 | 9 (5.3) | 0.95 (0.91–0.98) |
Outcomes | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 In-hospital mortality | 84 (33.1) | 42 (33.1) | 42 (33.1) | 1.20 (0.71–2.03) |  |  | 1.20 (0.71–2.03) |
 MRSAB-related mortality | 40 (15.7) | 21 (16.5) | 19 (15.0) | 1.34 (0.68–2.62) | 40 (47.6) | 0 | 2.03 (1.62–2.53) |