Clinical impact of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus on bacterial pneumonia: cultivation and 16S ribosomal RNA gene analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid

Kawanami, Toshinori; Yatera, Kazuhiro; Yamasaki, Kei; Noguchi, Shingo; Fukuda, Kazumasa; Akata, Kentarou; Naito, Keisuke; Kido, Takashi; Ishimoto, Hiroshi; Taniguchi, Hatsumi; Mukae, Hiroshi

doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1493-3

Table 2 Comparison of Bacteria Between Conventional Cultivation Methods and 16S rDNA Sequencing Analysis in the Bacterial Infection Group

From: Clinical impact of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus on bacterial pneumonia: cultivation and 16S ribosomal RNA gene analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid

Age		Pneumonia type	Sputum	BALF			Prior antibiotics	Treatments	Clinical outcome
			Culture	Culture	Clone library analysis
			Culture	Culture	Predominant phylotype, %	S. aureus
GROUP A
1	72	HAP	not analyzed	MRSA	Staphylococcus aureus 97.5 %	97.5 %	ABK	VCM	ineffective
2	70	VAP	not analyzed	MRSA	Staphylococcus aureus 91.8 %	91.8 %	None	TEIC	effective
3	78	HAP	MRSA	MRSA	Staphylococcus aureus 91.0 %	91.0 %	None	ABK	effective
4	77	HCAP	MRSA	MRSA	Staphylococcus aureus 53.1 %	51.8 %	IPM/CS MINO	BIPM, PZFX + CLDM, CZOP + ABK	ineffective
5	65	HAP	not analyzed	MRSA	Staphylococcus aureus 50.0 %	50.0 %	MEPM	MEPM+VCM	effective
6	76	HAP	not analyzed	MRSA	Corynebacterium simulans 41.9 %	8.1 %	None	VCM	ineffective
7	61	HAP	S. pneumoniae MRSA	MRSA	Haemophilus influenzae 35.3 %	3.5 %	MEPM	MEPM + VCM	effective
8	87	HAP	MRSA	MRSA	Corynebacterium spp. 97.8 %	2.2 %	SBT/ABPC	TEIC	effective
9	66	HAP	not analyzed	H. influenzae, MRSA	Haemophilus influenzae 84.0 %	1.1 %	None	IPM/CS + VCM SBT/ABPC	effective
10	82	VAP	not analyzed	MRSA P. aeruginosa	Pseudomonas aeruginosa 94.6 %	0.0 %	IPM/CS	PZFX+VCM	ineffective
11	61	HCAP	not analyzed	MRSA, Aspergillus fumigatus	Streptococcus spp. 90.7 %	0.0 %	DRPM	DPPM PZFX + CLDM/L-AMB + VCM/TAZ/PIPC	ineffective
12	91	HAP	MRSA	MRSA	Streptococcus oralis 58.5 %	0.0 %	MEPM	LZD	effective
13	87	HAP	not analyzed	MRSA, Neisseria	Neisseria perflava 95.5 %	0.0 %	TEIC	TEIC, AMK	effective
GROUP B
14	81	HAP	not analyzed	MRSA	Staphylococcus aureus 100 %	100.0 %	None	DRPM	effective
15	21	VAP	not analyzed	MRSA	Staphylococcus aureus 88.6 %	88.6 %	None	MEPM	effective
16	73	CAP	not analyzed	MRSA	Staphylococcus aureus 60.8 %	60.8 %	None	GRX	effective
17	76	HCAP	MRSA P. aeruginosa	MSSA	Staphylococcus aureus 57.1 %	57.1 %	None	TAZ/PIPC	ineffective
18	81	HCAP	MRSA P. aeruginosa	no growth	Staphylococcus aureus 55.4 %	55.4 %	None	CZOP + CLDM	effective
19	62	CAP	MRSA	MRSA	Staphylococcus aureus 48.7 %	48.7 %	FQ	CPFX	effective
20	80	HAP	MRSA	MRSA	Streptococcus intermedius 56.5 %	40.6 %	None	DRPM	effective
21	76	HAP	MRSA	MRSA	Corynebacterium spp. 25.3 %	18.4 %	TAZ/PIPC	SBT/ABPC	effective
22	22	HAP	not analyzed	MRSA, A. baumannii	Neisseria elongata 81.2 %	15.1 %	TEIC	IPM/CS	effective
23	81	HCAP	MRSA	MRSA	Streptococcus spp. 46.7 %	12.0 %	None	LVFX	effective
24	85	HAP	not analyzed	MRSA	Streptococcus oralis/mitis 37.3 %	8.0 %	CPFX	LVFX	effective
25	83	HCAP	MRSA, E. coli	MRSA, E. coli	Moraxella catarrhalis 69.2 %	7.7 %	None	TAZ/PIPC	effective
26	76	HAP	not analyzed	K. pneumoniae, MRSA, Proteus mirabilis	Corynebacterium simulans 58.4 %	1.3 %	None	TAZ/PIPC	effective
27	85	HAP	MRSA	MRSA	Fusobacterium nucleatum 55.7 %	0.0 %	None	LVFX	effective
28	61	HCAP	not analyzed	MRSA, B. cepacia, F. mortiferum	Rothia spp. 45.2 %	0.0 %	None	MEPM	effective
29	45	HAP	not analyzed	S. maltophilia, MRSA	Enterococcus hirae 25.8 %	0.0 %	None	MEPM	effective
30	74	HCAP	P. aeruginosa MRSA	P. aeruginosa, MRSA	Streptococcus salivarius 43.0 %	0.0 %	None	MEPM	effective
31	80	HCAP	not analyzed	MRSA	Streptococcus spp. 98.9 %	0.0 %	Unknown	LVFX	effective
32	80	HCAP	not analyzed	MRSA	Streptococcus spp. 97.4 %	0.0 %	Unknown	LVFX	effective
33	98	HCAP	MRSA	not analyzed	Streptococcus spp. 78.8 %	0.0 %	Unknown	TAZ/PIPC	effective
34	80	HCAP	MRSA	oral bacteria	Neisseria spp. 55.0 %	0.0 %	LVFX	MEPM	effective
35	82	HCAP	not analyzed	P. aeruginosa, MRSA, Streptococcus	Streptococcus oralis/mitis 70.7 %	0.0 %	Unknown	SBT/ABPC	effective
36	64	HCAP	not analyzed	P. aeruginosa, MRSA	Pseudomonas aeruginosa 97.4 %	0.0 %	None	TAZ/PIPC + LVFX	effective
37	86	HCAP	MRSA	K. pneumoniae, MRSA	Lactobacillus spp. 51.1 %	0.0 %	None	TAZ/PIPC	effective
38	80	HCAP	E. coli, MRSA	oral bacteria	Streptococcus spp. 45.2 %	0.0 %	None	TAZ/PIPC	effective
39	93	HCAP	not analyzed	MRSA, oral bacteria	Corynebacterium spp. 94.3 %	0.0 %	None	LVFX	effective
40	81	HAP	not analyzed	MRSA, E. coli	Haemophilus influenzae 34.5 %	0.0 %	None	TAZ/PIPC	effective
41	73	HAP	not analyzed	Enterobacter cloacae, MRSA	Enterobacter asburiae 70.0 %	0.0 %	None	DRPM	effective
42	74	HAP	MRSA	Corynebacterium, MRSA	Corynebacterium simulans 98.9 %	0.0 %	TAZ/PIPC	TAZ/PIPC	effective

Abbreviations: CAP community-acquired pneumonia, healthcare-associated pneumonia, HAP hospital-acquired pneumonia, VAP ventilator-associated pneumonia, MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, BALF bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, ABK arbekacin, VCM vancomycin, TEIC teicoplanin, LZD linezolid, IPM/CS imipenem/cilastatin, MEPM meropenem, DRPM doripenem, BIPM biapenem, CZOP cefozopran, SBT/ABPC sulbactam/ampicillin, TAZ/PIPC tazobactam/piperacillin, CPFX ciprofloxacin, LVFX levofloxacin, GRNX garenoxacin, MINO minomycin, CLDM clindamycin, L-AMB liposomal amphotericin B, NA not applicable

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ISSN: 1471-2334

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