Table 2 Overall mean health and cost outcomes for the UK
UK1 | ||||
| Â | TIV/LAIV | QIV/QLAIV | Difference (TIV/LAIV vs QIV/QLAIV) | % Difference |
Average influenza-related outcomes per season, n (95Â % CI) | ||||
Cases | 6,175,473 (5,348,157; 7,095,022) | 6,086,718 (5,244,706; 6,981,581) | −88,755 (−153,607; −46,761) | −1.4 (−2.5; −0.8) |
GP visits | 1,477,243 (1,276,226; 1,698,398) | 1,454,327 (1,249,078; 1,672,087) | −22,917 (−39,758; −12,127) | −1.6 (−2.7; −0.8) |
ER visits | 45,688 (39,471; 52,528) | 44,979 (38,631; 51,714) | −709 (−1,230; −375) | −1.6 (−2.7; −0.8) |
Hospitalizations | 71,740 (62,217; 82,455) | 70,690 (61,026; 81,103) | −1,050 (−1,824; −553) | −1.5 (−2.5; −0.8) |
Deaths | 5,366 (4,609; 6,207) | 5,136 (4,372; 5,941) | −230 (−424; −107) | −4.3 (−7.5; −2.0) |
Average costs per season, £ (95 % CI) | ||||
Vaccination | £142,869,897 (142,132,194; 143,838,565) | £173,690,646 (172,847,546; 174,801,973) | £30,820,749 (30,714,458; 30,964,151) | |
GP visits | £54,658,003 (47,220,348; 62,840,730) | £53,810,083 (46,215,893; 61,867,225) | -£847,920 (−1,471,032; −448,693) | |
ER visits | £6,167,872 (5,328,571; 7,091,250) | £6,072,188 (5,215,223; 6,981,395) | -£95,683 (−165,998; −50,633) | |
Hospitalization | £316,143,107 (273,230,094; 363,500,069) | £310,054,168 (266,192,382; 356,545,209) | -£6,088,939( −10,684,477; −3,156,736) | |
Total payer costs | £519,838,878 (469,625,943; 576,456,567) | £543,627,085 (491,853,288; 598,787,408) | £23,788,206 (18,451,500; 27,182,411) | |
Total costs, 2014–24: 3.5 % discount, £ (95 % CI) | ||||
Vaccination | £1,182,629,311 (1,176,522,193; 1,190,629,232) | £1,438,387,119 (1,431,392,398; 1,447,571,973) | £255,757,808 (254,873,033; 256,946,194) | |
GP visits | £449,966,551 (390,148,320; 516,657,013) | £442,621,741 (381,366,507; 508,088,148) | -£7,344,811 (−12,406,117; −3,925,542) | |
ER visits | £50,776,387 (44,026,211; 58,302,059) | £49,947,563 (43,035,229; 57,335,107) | -£828,824 (−1,399,966; −442,977) | |
Hospitalization | £2,603,109,409 (2,257,958,720; 2,989,825,442) | £2,550,795,544 (2,197,010,408; 2,929,281,052) | -£52,313,865 (−89,406,033; −26,864,867) | |
Total payer costs | £4,286,481,659 (3,871,840,486; 4,753,225,888) | £4,481,751,967 (4,063,534,469; 4,933,835,213) | £195,270,308 (152,116,034; 224,188,224) | |
QALYs lost, n (95Â % CI) | ||||
Per season | 138,681 (119,774; 159,443) | 135,415 (116,128; 155,866) | −3,266 (−5,749; −1,616) | |
Total | 1,143,215 (990,661; 1,314,381) | 1,115,337 (958,023; 1,283,316) | −27,878 (−48,670; −13,753) | |
LYs lost, n (95Â % CI) | ||||
Per season | 67,761 (58,243; 78,145) | 65,340 (55,700; 75,446) | −2,421 (−4,407; −1,150) | |
Total | 560,869 (482,171; 647,615) | 540,396 (459,999; 623,573) | −20,473 (−37,239; −9,741) | |
UK2 | ||||
| Â | TIV/LAIV | QIV/QLAIV | Difference (TIV/LAIV vs QIV/QLAIV) | % Difference |
Average influenza-related outcomes per season, n (95Â % CI) | ||||
Cases | 5,335,431 (4,663,367; 6,094,108) | 5,237,644 (4,563,870; 5,976,162) | −97,787 (−167,789; −53,233) | −1.8 (−3.0; −1.0) |
GP visits | 1,279,954 (1,116,137; 1,463,587) | 1,254,916 (1,091,268; 1,432,823) | −25,038 (−42,527; −13,756) | −2.0 (−3.2; −1.1) |
ER visits | 39,586 (34,520; 45,266) | 38,812 (33,751; 44,314) | −774 (−1,315; −425) | −2.0 (−3.2; −1.1) |
Hospitalizations | 61,812 (54,111; 70,575) | 60,658 (52,902; 69,153) | −1,154 (−1,992; −626) | −1.9 (−3.1; −1.1) |
Deaths | 4,772 (4,146; 5,483) | 4,538 (3,921; 5,202) | −234 (−410; −116) | −4.9 (−8.3; −2.5) |
Average costs per season, £ (95 % CI) | ||||
Vaccination | £171,724,730 (170,737,027; 172,880,105) | £202,522,845 (201,431,528; 203,801,765) | £30,798,116 (30,696,168; 30,920,847) | |
GP visits | £47,358,314 (41,297,066; 54,152,709) | £46,431,902 (40,376,915; 53,014,460) | -£926,412 (−1,573,508; −508,968) | |
ER visits | £5,344,140 (4,660,159; 6,110,852) | £5,239,599 (4,556,325; 5,982,406) | -£104,541 (−177,562; −57,434) | |
Hospitalization | £274,233,102 (239,080,248; 313,959,886) | £267,724,197 (232,618,317; 305,657,406) | -£6,508,906 (−11,183,958; −3,502,201) | |
Total payer costs | £498,660,286 (457,399,436; 545,711,073) | £521,918,543 (480,857,526; 567,317,462) | £23,258,257 (17,987,595; 26,732,485) | |
Total costs, 2014–24, 3.5 % discount, £ (95 % CI) | ||||
Vaccination | £1,421085,767 (1,412,898,941; 1,430,629,196) | £1,676,655,043 (1,667,605,341; 1,687,226,238) | £255,569,276 (254,720,544; 256,584,332) | |
GP visits | £390,019,191 (338,972,997; 445,806,414) | £382,011,087 (331,356,732; 436,393,837) | -£8,008,104 (−13,328,069; −4,445,418) | |
ER visits | £44,011,639 (38,251,341; 50,306,937) | £43,107,966 (37,391,885; 49,244,777) | -£903,673 (−1,504,003; −501,642) | |
Hospitalization | £2,258,890,346 (1,965,081,255; 2,581,768,165) | £2,203,039,151 (1,911,631,217; 2,513,877,596) | -£55,851,195 (−94,174,503; 30,373,049) | |
Total payer costs | £4,114,006,943 (3,771,593,455; 4,497,105,857) | £4,304,813,247 (3,962,279,878; 4,678,534,060) | £190,806,304 (147,019,450; 220,067,782) | |
QALYs lost, n (95Â % CI) | ||||
Per season | 121,040 (105,258; 138,570) | 117,603 (102,122; 134,418) | −3,437 (−5,970; −1,802) | |
Total | 998,215 (867,812; 1,140,983) | 968,900 (839,411; 1,106,335) | −29,315 (−49,909; −15,593) | |
LYs lost, n (95Â % CI) | ||||
Per season | 59,931 (51,974; 68,794) | 57,448 (49,677; 65,930) | −2,484 (−4,309; −1,247) | |
Total | 496,291 (429,909; 568,923) | 475,295 (409,468; 545,073) | −20,996 (−36,237; −10,647) | |