| Non-drug users | Non-injection drug users | Injection drug users |  |
---|
 |
HIV-1(−), n = 194
|
HIV-1(−), n = 48
|
HIV-1(+), n = 139
|
HIV-1(−), n = 214
|
HIV-1(+), n = 157
|
P
|
---|
Sero-marker
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
HBsAg | 5 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (3.6) | 5 (2.3) | 15 (9.6) | 0.002 |
HBsAb | 16 (8.2) | 7 (14.6) | 12 (8.6) | 36 (16.8) | 13 (8.3) | 0.023 |
HBeAg | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | - |
HBeAb | 13 (6.7) | 3 (6.3) | 13 (9.4) | 26 (12.1) | 21 (13.4) | 0.186 |
HBcAb-IgM | 9 (4.6) | 1 (2.1) | 9 (6.5) | 7 (3.3) | 16 (10.2) | 0.038 |
Infection stage
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
1 | 3 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (1.4) | 9 (5.7) | - |
2 | 3 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (3.6) | 2 (0.9) | 8 (5.1) | - |
3 | 11 (5.7) | 5 (10.4) | 9 (6.5) | 33 (15.4) | 10 (6.4) | 0.003 |
4 | 13 (6.7) | 3 (6.3) | 10 (7.2) | 24 (11.2) | 13 (8.3) | 0.479 |
5 | 164 (84.5) | 40 (83.3) | 115 (82.7) | 152 (71.0) | 117 (74.5) | 0.005 |
HBV genotypes
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
A1 | 6 (3.1) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.2) | 4 (1.9) | 10 (6.4) | - |
- Data shown are number (n) and proportions (%) of subjects. HIV-1(+), human immunodeficiency virus-1 infected, HIV-1(−) uninfected. HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HBsAb, hepatitis B surface antibody; HBeAg, hepatitis B e-antigen; HBeAb, hepatitis B e-antibody; HBcAb-IgM, hepatitis B core antibody Immunoglobulin M. Statistical comparison was performed using Pearson’s Chi-square test where appropriate. Hepatitis B sero-marker test results were used to categorize hepatitis B virus infection status in to five (1–5) infection stages based on previous classifications [4, 5, 42, 43] as follows: 1 = Acute (HBsAg+, HBsAb-, HBeAg+/−, HBeAb-, HBcAb-IgM+/−); 2 = Chronic (HBsAg+, HBsAb+/−, HBeAg+/−, HBeAb+, HBcAb-IgM+/−); 3 = Vaccine type response (HBsAg-, HBsAb+, HBeAg-, HBeAb-, HBcAb-IgM-); 4 = Past, resolved or occult infection (HBsAg-, HBsAb+/−, HBeAg-, HBeAb+/−, HBcAb-IgM+/−); 5 = Uninfected (HBsAg-, HBsAb-, HBeAg-, HBeAb-, HBcAb-IgM-)