From: Why are people with dengue dying? A scoping review of determinants for dengue mortality
Individual dimension | Consideration as determinant for dengue mortality | References | |
---|---|---|---|
SDH | Concepta | Observations | |
Age | Yes | • Age was more often described as a determinant than not. | |
• In children the most affected group were those <15 years old with an emphasis on the group of <5 years old. | |||
• A higher frequency of dengue mortality was reported in adults (mostly in the Americas region) | |||
• Determinant related with immunological status, type of infection and comorbidities. | |||
Comorbidities/ Pre-existing conditions | NC | • Although these conditions might worsen the dengue status, there were not described as directly related to fatal outcomes. | |
• Overlaps of diseases make differential diagnosis difficult and could be considered as independent causes of death. | |||
• The most cited were diabetes, bacterial infections and pregnancy. | |||
Infection type/Immunological status | Yes | • Secondary infections, severe forms and unusual presentations were described as determinants. | |
Sex/Gender | NC | • More dengue cases were described in women, even though the majority of dengue deaths were reported in men. | [27, 29, 30, 35, 37, 39, 41–43, 45, 47, 52, 55, 58, 59, 63–83] |
• Statistically significant differences were described between sexes in dengue in severity but not in mortality. | |||
• Gender differences in frequency were related to care-seeking behavior patterns. | |||
Ethnicity | Yes | • A protective role was described for African ancestry/‘Blacks’ and a risk factor for Caucasian/ ‘Whites’. | |
• Described also as determinant related to socioeconomic status and cultural behaviors. | |||
Occupation | No | • Some occupations were listed (mostly in the single case reports) but none was directly linked to fatal outcome. | |
Income | No | • There were no individual reports on the fatal cases’ income. | [92] |
• Although it is related to socioeconomic status, income was not reported as a determinant for dengue mortality. | |||
Education | Yes | • Level of education was described in some cases. | |
• In the content analysis, it was observed that education was described as a determinant for dengue mortality related to knowledge of patients and health staff. |