Table 1 Summary table of studies included in the meta-analysis
Study | Study objective | Country | Population | Coverage period | Study design | STI | STI assessment method | Number of participants | Individuals included in meta-analysis | HIV viral load measure | HIV VL anatimical site |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adolf 2012 [31] | Prevalence and risk factors for syphilis among HIV+ | Brazil | Females and males; STI/HIV clinic patients-SoBrHIV cohort | 1991–2008 | Case-control | Tp | VDRL, FTA | 1012 | 759 | Not reported | Blood plasma |
Anderson 2008 [32] | Association between presence of inflammatory | USA | Females; STI/HIV clinic patients | Not reported | Prospective cohort | Bv Ct Cv Ng Tp Tv | Bv: Amsel | 97 | 41 | RNA | Blood and CVL |
Ct, Ng: culture | |||||||||||
Cv: visual exam | |||||||||||
Tv: wet mount | |||||||||||
Tp: RPR | |||||||||||
Conley 2010 [33] | Prevalence and risk factors for abnormal anal cytology among HIV+ | USA | Females and males; STI/HIV clinic patients - SUN study | 2004–2006 | Prospective cohort | Ct HPV HSV Ng Tp Tv | HPV, Ng, Ct: NAAT, cytological | 621 | 147 | RNA | Not reported |
Tv: NAAT | |||||||||||
HSV2: serology | |||||||||||
Chan 2008 [12] | Correlation between HIV VL in blood and semen among men both ART naive and experienced | Australia | Males; STI/HIV clinic patients | 2003–2006 | Prospective cohort | Ct Ng Tp | Ct: NAAT | 119 | 81 | RNA | Blood and semen |
Ng: culture | |||||||||||
Tp: Fabs + RPR | |||||||||||
Cu-Uvin 2001 [26] | Impact of genital tract infections on HIV cervicovaginal shedding | USA | Females; STI/HIV clinic patients | Not reported | Prospective cohort | Bv Cv Tv | Bv: Amsel | 108 | 61 | RNA | Blood and CVL |
Cv, Tv: culture | |||||||||||
Graham 2011 [34] | Impact of genital ulcerations on HIV genital shedding | Kenya | Females; STI/HIV clinic patients | 2004–2008 | Prospective cohort nested | Bv Ct Cv Hd Ng Tp Tv | Tv: wet mount | 145 | 37 | RNA | Cervix and vagina |
Bv: Nugent | |||||||||||
Cv: not reported | |||||||||||
Ng: culture + NAAT | |||||||||||
Ct: NAAT | |||||||||||
Hd: culture | |||||||||||
Tp: serology | |||||||||||
Jarzebowski 2012 [35] | Impact of syphilis on CD4 and HIV VL | France | Males; MSM-FHDH cohort | 1998–2006 | Case-control | Tp | Not reported | 1515 | 1271 | RNA | Blood plasma |
Kofoed 2006 [36] | Impact of Syphilis infection on CD4, HIV VL and response after anti-treponemal treatment | Denmark | Males; MSM | 2003–2004 | Prospective experimental | Tp | Dark field, serology | 38 | 34 | RNA | Blood plasma |
Madeddu 2014 [41] | HPV screening should be done even on HIV-positive women on ART | Italy | Females; STI/HIV clinic patients | 2008–2009 | Prospective cohort | HPV | NAAT | 57 | 52 | RNA | Blood plasma |
Politch 2012 [37] | Prevalence of seminal HIV shedding among MSM on ART | USA | Males; MSM | Not reported | Prospective cohort | Ct HSV Ng Tp NGU | HSV: serology | 101 | 96 | DNA and RNA free and RNA assoc | Semen |
Ct, Ng, Tp: not reported | |||||||||||
Sadiq 2002 [38] | Effect of urethritis on seminal HIV VL for patients on ART | UK | Males; MSM | 1998–2000 | Prospective cohort | Ct Ng NGU | Ng: culture | 40 | 39 | RNA and DNA | Blood and semen |
Ct: NAAT | |||||||||||
Sha 2005 [39] | Association of Bv and Bv-associated bacteria with HIV genital VL | USA | Females; STI/HIV clinic patients | 1994–1997 | Prospective cohort | Bv Ct Cv HPV HSV Ng Tp Tv | Bv: Amsel + Nugent | 362 | 107 | RNA | Blood and CVL |
Tp: symptoms + DFA | |||||||||||
Ct, Ng: culture + pap | |||||||||||
HSV: symptoms + pap | |||||||||||
HPV: NAAT | |||||||||||
Sudenga 2012 [40] | HSV2 epidemiology in HIV+/at risk adolescents | USA | Females and males; adolescent; REACH cohort | 1996–2000 | Case-control | Bv Ct Hd HPV HSV Ng Tp Tv | HSV2: serology | 513 | 60 | RNA | Blood plasma |
Ct, Ng, HPV: NAAT | |||||||||||
Bv: gram stain + clinical criteria | |||||||||||
Tv: culture | |||||||||||
Winter 1999 [10] | Impact of asymptomatic urtethritis on HIV VL in semen | UK | Males; STI/HIV clinic patients | Not reported | Prospective cohort | Ct Ng NGU | Ng: Gram stain, culture | 94 | 53 | RNA cell free | Blood and semen |
Ct: NAAT |