From: Vitamin D and tuberculosis: a multicenter study in children
 | Deficient n = 159 | Insufficient n = 308 | Sufficient n = 529 | Total n = 996 | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TB status, n (%): | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.0001 |
- Controls | 113 (71.1%) | 241 (78.2%) | 460 (87%) | 814 (81.7%) | Â |
- Latent TB | 28 (17.6%) | 52 (16.9%) | 58 (11%) | 138 (13.9%) | Â |
- Active TB | 18 (11.3%) | 15 (4.9%) | 11 (2%) | 44 (4.4%) | Â |
Enrolling centre, n (%): | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.0001 |
- Evelina London Children’s | 26 (16.4%) | 23 (7.5%) | 14 (2.6%) | 63 (6.4%) |  |
Hospital, London, UK | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
- Great Ormond Street | 8 (5%) | 5 (1.6%) | 2 (0.4%) | 15 (1.5%) | Â |
Hospital, London, UK | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
- Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy | 125 (78.6%) | 280 (90.9%) | 513 (97%) | 918 (92.1%) | Â |
Age, median (IQR) | 6.5 (4.2-10.3) | 6.6 (4–9.7) | 4.8 (2.5-7.6) | 5.8 (3.1-8.5) | <0.0001 |
Gender, n (%): | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.106 |
- Male | 85 (53.5%) | 182 (59.1%) | 329 (62.2%) | 596 (59.8%) | Â |
- Female | 74 (46.5%) | 122 (39.6%) | 195 (36.9%) | 391 (39.3%) | Â |
- Not known | 0 (0%) | 4 (1.3%) | 5 (0.9%) | 9 (0.9%) | Â |
Country of origin*, n (%): | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.0001 |
- Asia | 27 (17%) | 44 (14.3%) | 98 (18.5%) | 169 (17%) | Â |
- Latin America | 25 (15.7%) | 74 (24%) | 112 (21.2%) | 211 (21.2%) | Â |
- Eastern Europe § | 48 (30.2%) | 95 (30.8%) | 188 (35.5%) | 331 (33.2%) |  |
- Western Europe | 4 (2.5%) | 18 (5.8%) | 24 (4.5%) | 46 (4.6%) | Â |
- Nord Africa | 7 (4.4%) | 8 (2.6%) | 4 (0.8%) | 19 (1.9%) | Â |
- Sub-Saharan Africa | 42 (26.4%) | 65 (21.1%) | 98 (18.5%) | 205 (20.6%) | Â |
- Other | 1 (0.6%) | 3 (1%) | 4 (0.8%) | 8 (0.8%) | Â |
- Not known | 5 (3.1%) | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.2%) | 7 (0.7%) | Â |
Ethnic group, n (%): | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.0001 |
- African | 50 (30.8%) | 74 (24%) | 101 (19.1%) | 225 (22.6%) | Â |
- Asiatic | 24 (15.1%) | 43 (14%) | 102 (19.3%) | 169 (17%) | Â |
- Caucasian | 52 (32.7%) | 115 (37.3%) | 211 (39.9%) | 378 (37.9%) | Â |
- Hispanic | 27 (17%) | 73 (23.7%) | 111 (21%) | 211 (21.2%) | Â |
- Other | 1 (1.2%) | 2 (0.7%) | 3 (0.5%) | 6 (0.6%) | Â |
- Not known | 5 (3.2%) | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.2%) | 7 (0.7%) | Â |
Risk factors for vitamin D | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.932 |
deficiency†, n (%): |  |  |  |  |  |
- Yes | 93 (58.5%) | 180 (58.4%) | 303 (57.3%) | 576 (57.8%) | Â |
- No | 66 (41.5%) | 128 (41.6%) | 226 (42.7%) | 420 (42.2%) | Â |
Season when blood test was | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.0001 |
done, n (%): | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
- Spring-Summer | 58 (36.5%) | 145 (47.1) | 339 (64.1%) | 542 (54.4%) | Â |
- Winter-Autumn | 101 (63.5%) | 163 (52.9) | 190 (35.9%) | 454 (45.6%) | Â |
Vitamin D level (nmol/L), median (IQR) | 20 (15.5-22.5) | 37.5 (32.5-42.5) | 72.5 (57.5-87.5) | 35 (24–54.5) |  |
Calcium (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 2.35 (2.28-2.42) | 2.37 (2.3-2.43) | 2.38 (2.33-2.48) | 2.4 (2.26-2.46) | 0.030 |
Phosphate (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 1.5 (1.3-1.65) | 1.59 (1.41-1.68) | 1.65 (1.49-1.81) | 1.5 (1.28-1.61) | 0.001 |