From: Culture-confirmed childhood tuberculosis in Cape Town, South Africa: a review of 596 cases
Extrathoracic disease manifestation | All children N = 596 (%) | HIV-uninfected N = 281 (%) | HIV-infected N = 133 (%) | HIV unknown N = 182 (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Miliary TB | 69 (11.6) | 44 (15.7) | 19 a (14.3) | 6 (3.3) |
TB meningitis e | 89 (14.9) | 68 (24.2) | 10 (7.5) | 11 (6.0) |
Miliary TB & TB meningitis b | 25 (4.2) | 18 (6.4) | 6 (4.5) | 1 (0.5) |
Abdominal TB | 43 (7.2) | 24 (8.5) | 14 (10.5) | 5 (2.7) |
Lymph node TB c | 94 (15.8) | 40 (14.2) | 13 (9.8) | 41 (22.5) |
Osteoarticular TB d, f | 18 (3.0) | 1 (0.2) | 5 (3.8) | 12 (6.6) |
Mastoid & ear TB | 9 (1.5) | 2 (0.7) | 3 (2.3) | 4 (2.2) |
Mastoiditis | 7 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
Chronic otorrhoea | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
Parotid gland | 3 (0.5) | 0 | 0 | 3 (1.6) |
Renal TB | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 1 (0.8) | 0 |
Skin involvement | 8 (1.3) | 3 (1.1) | 0 | 5 (2.7) |