Table 2 Patient and radiographic characteristics in relationship to clubbing as defined by the phalangeal depth ratio in patients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis
Characteristic | "Gold standard" measurement | p-Value | Odds Ratio (95% Confidence limits) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Clubbing (n = 60) | No Clubbing (n = 140) | |||
Hypoalbuminemia (n = 48) | 19 | 29 | 0.097 | 1.8 (0.9 – 3.7) |
HIV Seropositive (n = 163) | 50 | 113 | 0.662 | 1.2 (0.5 – 2.9) |
Karnofsky score ≥ 70% (n = 108) | 23 | 85 | 0.003 | 0.40 (0.2 – 0.8) |
Karnofsky score less than 70% (n = 92) | 37 | 55 | 0.003 | 2.5 (1.3 – 4.9) |
Prior TB treatment history (n = 24) | 12 | 12 | 0.023 | 2.7 (1.0 – 6.9) |
Extent of disease on Chest Radiograph | ||||
Minimal Disease (n = 36) | 10 | 26 | 0.747 | 0.9 (0.4 – 2.1) |
Moderate Disease (n = 98) | 28 | 70 | 0.666 | 0.9 (0.5 – 1.7) |
Advanced Disease (n = 65) | 21 | 44 | 0.621 | 1.2 (0.6 – 2.3) |
Bilateral Lung disease (n = 164) | 52 | 112 | 0.261 | 1.6 (0.7 – 4.2) |
Cavitary Disease (n = 85) | 27 | 58 | 0.640 | 1.2 (0.6 – 2.2) |