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Table 2 Predictors of nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and protease inhibitor (PI) resistance

From: Trends and correlates of HIV-1 resistance among subjects failing an antiretroviral treatment over the 2003–2012 decade in Italy

 

NRTIaresistance OR (95% CI)

NNRTIbresistance OR (95% CI)

PIcresistance OR (95% CI)

 

Univariate

Multivariate

Univariate

Multivariate

Univariate

Multivariate

Gender, Female vs. Male

0.74 (0.66-0.82)

0.67 (0.58-0.77)

0.93 (0.77-1.11)

0.82 (0.68-0.98)

0.62 (0.55-0.70)

0.59 (0.50-0.69)

Risk factor

      

Intravenous drug use

-

-

-

-

-

-

Men having sex with men

1.17 (0.99-1.38)

1.26 (1.05-1.51)

0.63 (0.49-0.81)

0.84 (0.70-1.03)

1.47 (1.22-1.76)

1.45 (1.18-1.79)

Heterosexual sex

1.01 (0.89-1.14)

1.58 (1.36-1.84)

0.78 (0.63-0.97)

0.94 (0.72-1.27)

1.01 (0.88-1.17)

1.61 (1.36-1.91)

Other d

0.87 (0.75-1.01)

1.68 (1.40-2.01)

0.61 (0.47-0.79)

0.89 (0.64-1.23)

0.89 (0.75-1.06)

1.53 (1.26-1.87)

Age, per 10 years older

1.17 (1.10-1.25)

1.09 (1.01-1.17)

0.93 (0.84-1.03)

0.96 (0.85-1.09)

1.17 (1.09-1.25)

1.05 (0.97-1.14)

HIV-1 Subtype, Non-B vs. B

0.48 (0.40-0.56)

0.79 (0.65-0.97)

0.58 (0.44-0.77)

0.80 (0.56-1.15)

0.48 (0.38-.59)

0.83 (0.64-1.06)

Viral load

      

> 5 Log copies/ml

-

-

-

-

-

-

4 - 5 Log copies/ml

2.36 (2.04-2.73)

2.16 (1.83-2.55)

2.01 (1.56-2.58)

1.71 (1.23-2.35)

1.83 (1.54-2.17)

1.68 (1.38-2.04)

< 4 Log copies/ml

2.92 (2.54-3.36)

3.06 (2.59-3.61)

3.22 (2.51-4.13)

2.61 (1.89-3.60)

1.60 (1.36-1.89)

1.70 (1.40-2.07)

CD4 cell count

      

>350 cells/mmc

-

-

-

-

-

-

200 – 350 cells/mmc

0.65 (0.58-0.74)

0.90 (0.78-1.03)

1.04 (0.85-1.27)

1.07 (0.84-1.36)

0.90 (0.78-1.04)

0.86 (0.73-1.01)

< 200 cells/mmc

0.82 (0.72-0.93)

0.87 (0.75-1.01)

1.01 (0.81-1.25)

1.36 (1.02-1.80)

0.83 (0.72-0.96)

0.88 (0.66-1.12)

Previous virological failure(s)

4.41 (3.84-5.07)

2.07 (1.74-2.47)

4.52 (3.63-5.63)

2.95 (2.17-3.99)

3.88 (3.17-4.75)

1.40 (1.10-1.78)

Prior ARV regimens, per 1 higher

1.16 (1.15-1.18)

1.11 (1.09-1.13)

1.14 (1.11-1.17)

1.03 (0.99-1.07)

1.21 (1.18-1.24)

1.13 (1.11-1.15)

Prior suboptimal NRTI therapy

3.45 (2.85-4.17)

1.50 (1.29-1.74)

2.52 (2.11-3.00)

1.04 (0.80-1.35)

3.16 (2.80-3.57)

1.27 (1.07-1.50)

Antiretrovira regimen in use

  

-

-

-

-

NNRTI + NRTIs

-

-

    

Boosted PI + NRTIs

0.95 (0.85-1.06)

0.65 (0.56-0.74)

    

Unboosted PI + NRTIs

0.84 (0.73-0.98)

0.75 (0.63-0.90)

    

PI + NNRTI + NRTI

3.51 (2.66-4.65)

1.87 (1.25-2.78)

    

Boosted vs unboosted PI

-

-

-

-

1.00 (0.88-1.15)

1.06 (0.90-1.23)

Study period, per 1 period higher

0.56 (0.53-0.59)

0.58 (0.54-0.61)

0.65 (0.59-0.71)

0.74 (0.66-0.82)

0.58 (0.55-0.62)

0.58 (0.54-0.62)

  1. A logistic regression model was performed in subjects failing a combined antiretroviral treatment according to antiretrovirals in use at genotype.
  2. aNucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors.
  3. bNon nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors.
  4. cProtease inhibitors.
  5. dOther: professional risk, transfusions¸ vertical transmission.
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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