Table 1 Sample characteristics, adipokines and hormones related to body composition in HIV-uninfected controls and HIV-infected patients

n

74

217

Age [years, mean (sd)]

47.2 (9.7)

46.6 (11.6)

0.73

Gender [n (%)]

Male

40 (54.1)

144 (66.9)

Female

34 (45.9)

73 (33.6)

0.08

Weight [Kg, mean (sd)]

71.5 (13.4)

67.8 (12.3)

0.03

BMI [(kg/m²), mean (sd)]

26.3 (4.3)

35.1 (4.5)

0.05

Waist circumference [cm, mean (sd)]

90.7 (11.6)

91.2 (11.6)

0.75

Hip circumference [cm, mean (sd)]

99.8. (7.1)

94.5 (8.4)

<0.001

Waist/hip ratio [mean (sd)]

0.91 (0.08)

0.96 (0.08)

<0.001

Arm circumference [cm, mean (sd)]

30.6 (3.5)

27.0 (3.0)

<0.001

Systolic blood pressure [mmHg, mean (sd)]

122.2 (17.3)

121.9 (17.5)

0.99

Diastolic blood pressure [mmHg, mean (sd)]

78.9 (10.1)

76.7 (11.3)

0.24

Glucose [mg/dL, mean (sd)]

91.7 (12.2)

107.7 (41.5)

0.03

Insulin [μU/mL, mean (sd)]

5.5 (4.9)

11.2 (10.6)

<0.001

HOMA [mean (sd)]

1.3 (1.4)

3.1 (3.2)

<0.001

QUICKI [mean (sd)]

0.39 (0.05)

0.36 (0.08)

<0.001

Total cholesterol [mg/dL, mean (sd)]

217.2 (43.6)

224.2 (58.0)

0.26

LDL cholesterol [mg/dL, mean (sd)]

134.9 (38.8)

128.5 (49.9)

0.42

HDL cholesterol [mg/dL, mean (sd)]

57.4 (14.9)

46.1 (13.6)

<0.001

Triglycerides [mg/dL, mean (sd)]

119.8 (57.6)

267.5 (182.8)

<0.001

Uric acid [mg/dL, mean (sd)]

49.6 (15.4)

46.8 (15.0)

0.165

hs-CRP [mg/dL, mean (sd)]

0.36 (0.54)

0.45 (0.73)

0.55

Resistin [ng/mL, mean (sd)]

15.5 (11.0-22.2)

10.4 (8.0-13.9)

<0.001

Adiponectin [μg/mL, mean (sd)]

5.18 (2.80-7.74)

2.68 (1.19-5.46)

<0.001

TNF-α [pg/mL, mean (sd)]

45.3 (29.9-60.5)

44.6 (30.1-73.6)

0.63

Ghrelin [pg/mL, mean (sd)]

18.6 (10.5-25.4)

75.0 (47.7-139.5)

<0.001

Leptin [ng/mL, mean (sd)]

11.8 (6.3-21.3)

3.4 (1.9-7.6)

<0.001

Adiponectin/leptin ratio [mean (sd)]

1.00 (1.95)

2.29 (5.87)

0.02