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Table 2 Univariable and multivariable odds ratios for cardiovascular events according to biomarkers in late samples

From: The association of high-sensitivity c-reactive protein and other biomarkers with cardiovascular disease in patients treated for HIV: a nested case–control study

Biomarkers

Unadjusted OR (95% CI)

p-value

Adjusted*OR (95% CI)

p-value

 

(a)Biomarkers as categorical variables

t-PA, ng/ml

    

<=8.7 (n=27)

1.00

 

1.00

 

8.7-14.8 (n=26)

1.56 (0.48, 5.10)

0.459

2.54 (0.52, 12.31)

0.247

>14.8 (n=35)

0.99 (0.31, 3.14)

0.989

0.35 (0.05, 2.31)

0.278

Not measured (n=16)

2.99 (0.81, 10.95)

0.099

4.06 (0.50, 32.74)

0.188

PAI-1, ng/ml

    

<=112 (n=36)

1.00

 

1.00

 

112-207 (n=27)

1.15 (0.33, 3.96)

0.828

0.55 (0.11, 2.74)

0.468

>207 (n=29)

2.99 (0.98, 9.12)

0.054

3.20 (0.75, 13.76)

0.118

Not measured (n=12)

3.62 (0.91, 14.49)

0.069

3.02 (0.23, 39.02)

0.397

D-dimer, ng/ml

    

<=67 (n=18)

1.00

 

1.00

 

67-125 (n=27)

0.55 (0.15, 2.10)

0.384

0.32 (0.06, 1.84)

0.202

>125 (n=28)

0.72 (0.20, 2.61)

0.617

0.63 (0.12, 3.28)

0.585

Not measured (n=31)

1.70 (0.51, 5.62)

0.387

0.55 (0.10, 2.90)

0.482

hsCRP, mg/L

    

< 0.9 (n=28)

1.00

 

1.00

 

0.9-3.3 (n=31)

1.59 (0.46, 5.55)

0.467

5.25 (0.56, 49.67)

0.148

>3.3 (n=28)

4.28 (1.28, 14.36)

0.019

10.71 (1.03, 111.0)

0.047

Not measured (n=17)

2.54 (0.64, 10.11)

0.187

3.88 (0.23, 66.29)

0.349

IL-6, pg/ml

    

< 0.3 (n=20)

1.00

 

1.00

 

0.3-1.9 (n=34)

0.67 (0.20, 2.31)

0.529

0.13 (0.02, 0.86)

0.034

>1.9 (n=37)

1.39 (0.43, 4.46)

0.580

0.36 (0.06, 2.05)

0.249

Not measured (n=13)

2.03 (0.48, 8.50)

0.334

0.64 (0.04, 9.07)

0.738

P-selectin, ng/ml

    

< 157 (n=38)

1.00

 

1.00

 

157-236 (n=28)

1.23 (0.36, 4.19)

0.744

1.40 (0.29, 6.87)

0.676

>236 (n=25)

4.39 (1.43, 13.45)

0.010

3.94 (0.82, 18.88)

0.086

Not measured (n=13)

3.41 (0.88, 13.20)

0.075

2.84 (0.24, 33.51)

0.407

 

(b)Biomarkers as continuous variables (Log Scale)

t-PA, ng/ml

    

Per log2 higher

0.97 (0.55, 1.74)

0.926

0.78 (0.35, 1.76)

0.554

PAI-1, ng/ml

    

Per log2 higher

1.47 (0.96, 2.24)

0.073

1.40 (0.81, 2.42)

0.233

D-dimer, ng/ml

    

Per log2 higher

0.89 (0.57, 1.41)

0.626

0.97 (0.55, 1.72)

0.918

hsCRP, mg/L

    

Per log2 higher

1.61 (1.18, 2.18)

0.002

1.69 (1.09, 2.64)

0.020

IL-6, pg/ml

    

Per log2 higher

1.09 (0.81, 1.45)

0.568

1.05 (0.72, 1.53)

0.799

P-selectin, ng/ml

    

Per log2 higher

2.88 (1.38, 6.02)

0.005

3.14 (1.04, 9.45)

0.042

  1. Estimate performed by a Conditional Logistic Regression Model; CI = confidence interval; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; hsCRP = high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6 = interleukin-6; IQR = interquartile range; OR = odds ratio; PAI-1 = plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; t-PA = tissue plasminogen activator. *Adjusted for duration of time between the date of samples and the analysis time, age, total cholesterol, HDL.