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Table 5 Association of socio-demographic and behavioural variables with acquiring HIV among women during the follow-up period using multiple logistic regression

From: HIV incidence from the first population-based cohort study in India

Variablea

Category

Number (% of total)

Number (%) who acquired HIV

Adjusted oddsbof acquiring HIV (95% CI)

Adjusted oddscof acquiring HIV (95% CI)

Socio-demographic

     

Age (years)

20-29

1317 (30.6)

5 (0.38)

1.0

 

30-39

1342 (31.2)

12 (0.89)

2.2 (0.8–6.5)

 

40-49

1168 (27.1)

5 (0.43)

0.9 (0.2–3.4)

 

50-55

477 (11.1)

3 (0.63)

1.0 (0.2–4.5)

 

Education

Schooling

2390 (56.6)

12 (0.50)

1.0

 

No Schooling

1829 (43.4)

13 (0.71)

0.7 (0.3–1.7)

 

Marital status

Never married / Currently married / Cohabiting

3704 (87.8)

14 (0.38)

1.0

1.0

Previously married

515 (12.2)

11 (2.14)

5.3 (2.2–12.6)

3.7 (1.3–10.2)

Standard of living indexd

Quartile IV

1034 (24.1)

1 (0.10)

1.0

1.0

Quartile III

1099 (25.6)

3 (0.27)

2.6 (0.3–25.2)

2.4 (0.2–24.0)

Quartile II

1106 (25.8)

10 (0.90)

7.6 (0.9–62.0))

7.1 (0.9–57.0)

Quartile I

1053 (24.5)

11 (1.04)

7.9 (0.9–65.7)

6.5 (0.8–52.6)

Place of residence at baseline

Rural

2289 (53.2)

16 (0.70)

1.0

 

Urban

2015 (46.8)

9 (0.45)

0.6 (0.3–1.6)

 

Residence relocation

Urban to rural

69 (1.6)

1 (1.5)

2.4 (0.3–20.4)

 
 

All others

4011 (98.4)

24 (0.6)

1.0

 

Occupation

Other than the categories below

3858 (91.5)

21 (0.54)

1.0

 

Involving regular mobility

49 (1.2)

1 (2.04)

2.5 (0.3–19.7)

 

Unskilled labour

310 (7.4)

3 (0.97)

1.3 (0.3-4.8)

 

Behavioural

     

Spouse HIV status at baseline

HIV –ve

2983 (69.3)

9 (0.30)

1.0

1.0

HIV + ve

48 (1.1)

7 (14.58)

45.9 (14.3–147.3)

27.7 (8.7–88.3)

Never married at baseline

367 (8.5)

1 (0.27)

1.3 (0.2–10.4)

1.1 (0.1–9.4)

Spouse HIV status not available at baseline

906 (21.1)

8 (0.88)

3.3 (1.1–7.8)

1.4 (0.4–4.4)

Men sex partners

Never had sex or only one lifetime partner

3613 (96.2)

21 (0.58)

1.0

 

More than one lifetime men partner

142 (3.8)

3 (2.11)

2.2 (0.6–8.3)

 

Had blood transfusion

Never

3727 (88.9)

21 (0.56)

1.0

 

Ever

465 (11.1)

4 (0.86)

1.2 (0.4–3.8)

 

Had tattooing

No

3559 (84.9)

19 (0.53)

1.0

 

Yes

633 (15.1)

6 (0.95)

1.1 (0.4–3.2)

 

Smoking or chewing tobacco

Never

4039 (96.3)

21 (0.52)

1.0

1.0

Ever

157 (3.7)

4 (2.55)

4.4 (1.2–15.6)

3.3 (1.0–11.3)

Injections received in the last 12 months

No

1802 (43.0)

8 (0.44)

1.0

 

Yes

2391 (57.0)

17 (0.71)

1.0 (0.4–2.6)

 

Travel outside place of residence

Never

509 (12.1)

6 (1.18)

1.0

 

Daily

227 (5.4)

1(0.44)

0.3 (0–2.8)

 

Weekly

84 (2.0)

1 (1.19)

0.5 (0–4.7)

 

Monthly

349 (8.3)

3 (0.86)

0.4 (0.1–1.9)

 

Once in a while

3046 (72.3)

14 (0.46)

0.3 (0.1–0.9)

 

Contacted by any one for HIV prevention programme

No

3479 (86.5)

19 (0.55)

1.0

 

Yes

544 (13.5)

6 (1.10)

1.5 (0.5–4.1)

 

HIV testing

No

2735 (68.0)

11 (0.40)

1.0

1.0

Other

590 (14.7)

12 (2.03)

3.0 (1.1–7.8)

4.0 (1.6–9.9)

 

As part of antenatal care

696 (17.3)

2 (0.29)

1.1 (0.2–5.2)

1.3 (0.3–6.2)

  1. aAll variables based on status as at follow–up, except rural or urban residence and spouse HIV status. Total number of women in the socio-demographic only model was 4,207, in the behavioural only model was 3,752, and the combined model was 4,013 because of missing data for these variables: marital status for 85, education status for 85, occupation status for 87, Standard of living index for 12, sex with men for 549, had tattooing for 112, had blood transfusion for 112, smoking or chewing tobacco for 108, HIV testing other than ANC for 283, injections received in the last 12 months for 111, contacted by any one for HIV prevention programme for 281, travel outside place of residence for 89.
  2. bAdjusted odds based on separate multiple logistic regression models for socio-demographic variables and for behavioural variables.
  3. cAdjusted odds based on a single multiple logistic regression model that included socio-demographic and behavioural variables that were significant in the separate models.
  4. dStandard of living index based on living conditions and ownership of assets, as used in National Family Health Survey-2 [27]; quartiles defined according to the baseline study distribution [18].
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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